Pathopharm quiz 4

Joints/bones & Pain

Define Osteoporosis

metabolic bone disease where bones become weak, fracturing easier

Osteoporosis risk factors

older age, female, genetics, activity

Osteoporosis treatment

Bisphosphonates - Alendronate

What is Alendronate used for & nurse education

Osteoporosis

Pt sit up 30-60 mins after taking

Bisphosphonates (alendronate) action

Inhibits bone resorption by decreasing osteoclast activity

Define Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease

Slow loss of cartilage

Is Osteoarthritis unilateral or bilateral?

Unilateral

Osteoarthritis risk factors

older age, obesity, gender, race, hereditary

Signs of Osteoarthritis

joint pain, stiffness, decreased ROM

Nonpharmacological Osteoarthritis treatment

heat/cold compress

Pharmacological Osteoarthritis treatment

• acetaminophen

• NSAIDS - topical/oral

• ibuprofen

Define Rheumatoid Arthritis

Systemic inflammatory disease

Is rheumatoid arthritis unilateral or bilateral?

Bilateral

Rheumatoid Arthritis signs

fatigue, anorexia, wt. loss, stiffness, exacerbations

Define visceral pain

organ pain

Visceral pain signs

deep pain, diffuse, hard to locate

Define deep somatic pain

deeper tissue pain

Deep somatic pain signs

aching, throbbing, pressure-like

What does deep somatic pain effect

Bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints

Define cutaneous pain

skin level pain

Cutaneous pain signs

sharp, burning, well-localized, abrupt

Define acute pain

injury to a tissue

What is acute pain known as?

Body’s alarm system

Acute pain signs

Increase HR/BP, anxiety, restlessness

Define chronic pain

ongoing/recurring

months to years

Chronic pain signs

withdrawn, fatigue, depressed

normal vital signs

Neuralgia pain signs

throbbing, bursts, lightening like

Define compartment syndrome

increased pressure in small place (excessive inflammation)

Compartment syndrome cause

trauma, long bone fracture

Compartment syndrome signs

7p’s

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pulseless, pressure, poikilothemia

Define Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

blood clots in lower extremities (leg)

What can VTE lead to

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) signs

dyspnea, chest pain, SOB, tachycardia, irregular HR, palpitations

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) signs

leg swelling, pain, tenderness, redness

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) treatment

anticoagulation w/ Heparin (SQ)

Enoxaparin (SQ)

Warfarin (PO)

Define fat embolism

fat droplets in small blood vessels

Fat embolism signs

respiratory failure, mental status change, diaphoresis, petechiae 

Fat embolism treatment

apply oxygen

maintain fluid balance

glucocorticoids

ventilator

Define Osteomyelitis

infection of bone

Osteomyelitis signs

pain, swelling, fever, decreased healing/mobility

Osteomyelitis treatment

antibiotics, surgery

Opioid action

fast bind to MU opioid receptors

Opioid side effects

respiratory depression, over sedation, constipation

What is the antagonist (blocker) for Opioids?

Narcan (naloxone)

Rheumatoid Arthritis treatment (pharmacological)

DMARDS, Glucocorticoids, NSAIDS