Lesson 9 - Key Figures in Early Approaches to Psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

Founder of experimental psychology and first lab.

Voluntarism; Wundt

Conscious direction of attention and synthesis of experiences.

Introspection ;Wundt and Titchener both used

Self-examination of mental processes and experiences.

Edward Titchener

Founder of Structuralism in psychology.

Structuralism; Titchener

Focus on analyzing consciousness into elemental parts.

Consciousness; Titchener

Made up of sensations, images, and affections.

Franz Brentano

Creator of Act Psychology emphasizing intentionality.

Intention; Brentano

Mental processes directed toward specific objects or goals.

Edmund Husserl

Known for work in phenomenology and acoustical perception.

Phenomenology; Husserl

Study of experiences as whole, meaningful phenomena.

Clever Hans effect; Stumpf

Demonstrated importance of experimental control in studies.

Edmund Husserl

Founder of pure phenomenology in psychology.

Mental Essences; Husserl

Focus on how humans experience themselves and the word

Gestalt psychology

Emphasizes totality of experience and purpose of mental acts.

Higher mental processes; Wundt

Requires cultural and historical analysis for understanding __________

Basic mental processes

Can be studied experimentally or in the laboratory according to Wundt.

Apperception; Wundt

Refers to the conscious direction of attention to particular sensory elements rather than others

Elemental stages

Titchener concluded that consciousness was composed of three

lack of real-world use

Structuralism's decline was due to ____________

Subjectivity

Internal experience considered in psychological investigation.