Chem 2 lab final UF

Alpha

stopped by paper

Beta

stopped by metal

gamma

stopped by lead

k

rate constant

zero order

[A] vs time

first order

ln[A] vs time

second order

1/[A] vs time

range

maximum - minimum value

percent error

experimental-actual/actual

Beers law

explains the relationship between absorbance, at a given wavelength and concentration, A = εbc

Dilution

the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent to it.

M1V1=M2V2

Serial Dilution

stepwise dilution process

Spectrophotometer

An instrument used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths in a sample.

Transmittance

measure of the amount of light that passes through a substance or medium

Red

650-750nm

orange

580-650nm

yellow

560-580nm

green

490-560nm

blue

430-490nm

violet

400-430nm

Equilibrium

The rates of forward and reverse reaction are equal

Kc

equilibrium constant for reactions based on concentrations

Kp

equilibrium constant for reactions based on partial pressures

Le Chatelier's Principle

When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting the disturbance

Acid-base indicator

a weak organic acid whose color differs from that of its conjugate base

Ksp

solubility product constant

Titration

technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by reacting it with a known volume and concentration of another substance (titrant)

Analyte

the substance in a solution whose concentration is being determined through titration

Equivalence point

the point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts

Buffer region

A section of the titration curve where the pH changes gradually as acid or base is added

Calibration

Regular adjustments to tools to keep them accurate.

Buffers

solutions that have a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa.

gel electrophoresis

technique for sorting molecules or fragments of molecules by length

Cathode

Black, negative, samples are put here first

Anode

Red, positive, samples travel here

Entropy

A measure of disorder or randomness, S

Gibbs free energy change

determines whether a reaction is spontaneous or requires energy. negative G=spontaneous

Second law of thermodynamics

all spontaneous processes involved in increase in the entropy of the universe

Galvanic cell

An electrochemical cell powered by a SPONTANEOUS redox reaction that produces an electric current flow; also called a voltaic cell.

Electrolytic cell

Uses an electrical current to drive a non spontaneous reaction

concentration cell

a galvanic cell in which both compartments contain the same components, but at different concentrations

Complex ion

Central metal cation bonded to ligands

Isomers

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties