Irish Independence - Paper 2

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Wolfe Tone’s United Irishmen Rebellion

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A 1798 uprising aimed at ending British rule in Ireland, which was defeated by Great Britain.

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Act of Union (1800)

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Legislation that united Great Britain and Ireland, abolishing the Irish Parliament.

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48 Terms

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Wolfe Tone’s United Irishmen Rebellion

A 1798 uprising aimed at ending British rule in Ireland, which was defeated by Great Britain.

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Act of Union (1800)

Legislation that united Great Britain and Ireland, abolishing the Irish Parliament.

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Catholic Emancipation Act (1829)

Allowed Catholics to hold office, vote, and sit as MPs in Britain, though limited access remained.

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Tithe Commutation Act for Ireland (1838)

Allowed church tithes to be paid in money rather than livestock.

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The Great Famine (1845)

A devastating famine caused by potato blight, leading to mass starvation and emigration in Ireland.

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Repeal Association (1840)

Founded by Daniel O’Connell to campaign for the repeal of the Act of Union.

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Young Ireland Rebellion (1848)

An uprising advocating for Irish cultural nationalism that ultimately failed.

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Irish Sovereignty

The struggle for Irish control and independence from British governance.

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Orange Order

A Protestant fraternal organization in Ireland that historically opposed Catholicism and Irish nationalism.

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Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)

A secret society founded in 1858 dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic.

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Easter Rising (1916)

An armed insurrection aimed at establishing an independent Irish Republic, resulting in significant casualties.

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Sinn Féin

Political party formed in 1905 advocating for Irish independence, distinct from Home Rule.

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Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921)

Agreement that established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Commonwealth.

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Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)

Paramilitary group formed in 1913 to oppose Home Rule for Ireland.

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The Black and Tans

British paramilitary group deployed to Ireland during the Irish War of Independence, noted for their brutality.

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Home Rule

The demand for Ireland to have its own parliament and self-governance while remaining part of the UK.

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The Land War (1879-1882)

A campaign for tenant rights and fair rent in Ireland, marked by protests and land reform demands.

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Daniel O'Connell

Key figure in Irish nationalism known as 'The Liberator' for advocating Catholic rights and Home Rule.

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Protestant Ascendancy

The political, economic, and social dominance of Protestant landowners in Ireland.

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The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)

An organization established in 1884 to promote Irish sports and culture, uniting national identity.

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Home Rule League

An organization formed in 1873 to promote the cause of Irish Home Rule within the British Parliament.

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The Nation newspaper

Publication advocating for Irish nationalism and cultural identity in the 19th century.

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Tithe

A one-tenth part of something, especially in the context of historical church payments.

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National Land League

An organization established to fight for tenants' rights and reform land ownership.

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Civil War

Conflict following the establishment of the Irish Free State, marked by pro- and anti-Treaty factions.

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The Great Potato Famine's impact

Resulted in a drastic population decline and increased emigration from Ireland.

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Fianna Fáil

Political party founded by de Valera in 1926, became a dominant force in Irish politics.

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Cumann na nGaedheal

Political party formed from pro-Treaty nationalists after the civil war.

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The Statute of Westminster (1931)

Legislation that granted full legislative independence to the British dominions.

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De Valera's policies

Post-independence strategies focusing on nationalism and removing ties to Britain.

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The Irish Church Act (1869)

Disestablished the Church of Ireland, ending its status as the state church.

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The Dublin Lock-Out (1913)

Major industrial dispute in Dublin, reflecting class struggle and labor rights.

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Bloody Sunday (1920)

Incident in Dublin where IRA killed British agents, leading to retaliatory violence.

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The Dáil Éireann

The assembly established by Sinn Féin as the parliament of the Irish Republic.

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Treason Trials

Post-Easter Rising trials of participants accused of rebellion against British law.

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The Provisional Government

Government established in 1922 following the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

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Boundary Commission

Proposed commission to address territorial disputes between Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State.

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Lord Russell

British Prime Minister during the Great Famine, criticized for inadequate relief efforts.

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Catholic Rent

Fee established by O'Connell for membership in the Catholic Association to mobilize support.

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Socialism vs. Capitalism in Ireland

Debates around economic systems that shaped political discourse and identity.

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Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Militant organization formed to defend Irish nationalism and independence through force.

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James Connolly

Irish socialist leader and key figure in the Easter Rising.

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Expansion of Sinn Féin support (1918)

Massive electoral victory reflecting nationalist sentiment and opposition to British rule.

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Margaret Markievicz

First woman elected to the British Parliament, involved in Irish nationalist politics.

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Land Purchase Acts (1888/1891)

Legislation aimed at facilitating the purchase of land by Irish tenants.

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Tenant rights movement

Campaigns advocating for fair rent and tenant protections in Ireland.

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Cultural Nationalism

Movement promoting Irish culture and identity as part of the fight for independence.

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Parliament Act of 1911

Allowed the House of Commons to pass legislation despite opposition from the House of Lords.