BIO124 Module 1

organ

a stomach would be considered what level of organization?

has cells, complex, maintains homeostasis, respond to stimuli, grow and develops, metabolism, reproduce

what are the common characteristics of life?

communication

what is the main function of nervous tissue?

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

what is the level of organization (from lowest to highest)?

histology

what is the study of tissues called?

digestion

which process converts nutrients into simple absorbable substances?

blood clotting

when discussing positive feedback, what example might you discuss?

body temperature

when discussing negative feedback, what example might you discuss?

measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure

what is a direct example of the study of physiology?

cells working together to perform one or more specific functions

the tissue level of organization is best described as?

2

Which pH has the highest concentration of hydrogen ion (H+)?

-5

-2

-7

-14

adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine

Complementary base pairing in DNA includes what pairs?

ATP

What is the most common high-ENERGY compound?

A-U

Which complementary base pairing is unique to RNA?

stores genetic information that controls protein synthesis, double helix form, and deoxyribose is the sugar component

What are some of the main characteristics of DNA?

electron

What subatomic particle has the smallest mass and a charge that is labeled "negative"?

increases the speed of a reaction while decreasing the activation energy needed

What is the function of enzymes?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What are the three organic compounds?

hydrogen bonds

What type of bond holds together multiple water molecules?

polar covalent bonds

What type of bond is involved in the formation of one water molecule?

cell cycle mutations that produce malignant cells

What is the best way to describe cancer?

at the ribosomes

Where does translation occur?

osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion

What are the three examples of passive transport?

to create protein

What is the main function of a ribosome?

a barrier, selectively permeable

What is the plasma membrane?

anaphase

In what phase of mitosis do chromosomes get pulled apart?

exocytosis, endocytosis, sodium/potassium pump

What are examples of active transport?

46 (23 pairs)

How many chromosomes are found in a somatic (body) cell?

lysosomes

What removes damaged organelles or pathogens in the cell?

to produce ATP

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

swelling, redness, pain, heat

What are the indicators of inflammation?

simple squamous epithelium

Which tissue is single layered and looks flat?

smooth

Which muscle tissue is non-striated and involuntary?

secretion, permeability, protection, sensation

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What are the four main tissue types found in the human body?

epithelial

Glandular secretions are produced by which tissue type?

cutaneous

Which membrane covers the body's surface?

stratified columnar

Which epithelial tissue is multi-layered and shaped like a column?

mucous, serous, synovial, cutaneous

Which of the following are types of membranes found in the body?

measures how many hydrogen ions are in a solution

What is the importance of pH?

helps organisms maintain stable internal temperatures

What is the importance of hydrogen bonding for water molecules?

solid, liquid, gas

What are the three states of matter?

adenosine triphosphate

What is ATP?

DNA and RNA

What are the two nucleic acids?

produces ribosomes that exit through the pores

What is the main function of a nucleolus?

DNA (genetic material)

What are chromosomes?

ribosomes

What makes proteins in the cell?

rough ER

What is dotted with ribosomes and does protein synthesis in the cell?

smooth ER

What makes lipids in the cell?

golgi apparatus

What packages proteins in the cell?

peroxisomes

What neutralizes toxins in the cell?

mitochondria

What makes ATP in the cell?

centrosome and centrioles

What plays a part in cell division in the cell?

microvilli

What increases the surface area of a cell?

genetic code

What is the universal set of rules where triplets of nucleotides, called codons, specify which amino acids are used to build proteins?

transcription

What is the biological process where a gene's DNA sequence is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which then serves as a template for protein synthesis?

translation

What is the process of how cells create proteins by decoding messenger RNA (mRNA)?

moves oxygen and nutrients into cells; sends carbon dioxide out of cells

What is the purpose of diffusion in the body?

exocytosis

What is the type of vesicular transport that moves molecules out of the cell?

endocytosis

What is the type of vesicular transport that moves molecules into the cell?

moves 3 sodiums out and 2 potassiums in the cell

What does the sodium potassium pump do?

when molecules move down the concentration gradient with the help of carrier or channel proteins

What is facilitated diffusion?

to prepare for cell division by growing, synthesizing proteins and organelles, replicating DNA

What is the purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

to produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

What is the purpose of mitosis in the cell cycle?

divides the 2 daughter cells to make them separate and function on their own

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?

tumor

What forms from uncontrolled cell growth in interphase and isn't terminated before going through mitosis?

benign

What are mutated cells that are not cancerous and won't spread throughout the body?

malignant

What are mutated cells that are cancerous and can spread to tissues and organs in the body?

metasize

What is the term for when cancer spreads to other areas in the body?

when a mutated cell does not self-terminate in interphase

How is cancer formed from cell division?

epithelium

What type of tissue will never have blood vessels?

glands

What is the specialized epithelium tissue for secretion?

exocrine

Glands that secrete their product into the ducts?

endocrine

Glands that release their product into interstitial fluid?

proper, fluid, supporting

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

mucous membrane

What is the epithelial and connective tissue that secretes mucus and lines many body cavities and tubular organs in the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts?

serous membrane

What is the epithelial and connective tissue that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body?

cutaneous membrane

What is the epithelial and connective tissue that is the skin and is composed of epidermal and dermal layers?

synovial membrane

What is the epithelial and connective tissue that lines freely moveable joints that secrete fluid into the joint space?