Lab final

The _____ of the muscle refers to where a muscle originates and represents a _____, less movable site of attachment

origin; stronger

the ______ of a muscle refers to where a muscle ends and represents a _____, more moveable site of attachment

insertion; weaker

in muscles, the insertion always moves _____ the origin

towards

muscles that oppose (or work against) each other

antagonist

muscles that work together to perform an action

synergist

the primary muscle producing an action

agonist

moves something away from the midline

abduction

moves the sole of the foot to face medially

inversion

decreases the angle of a joint

flexion

moves the sole of the foot to face laterally

eversion

moves something towards the midline

adduction

increases the angle of a joint

extension

What is A

Frontalis

What is B

Orbicularis oculi

What is C

Buccinator

What is D

Orbicularis oris

What is E

Temporalis

What is F

Zygomaticus

What is G

Masseter

What is H

Sternocleidomastoid

What is I

Trapezius

What is the origin of the zygomaticus muscle?

Zygomatic bone

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

Temporal bone

What is the insertion of the zygomaticus muscle?

Skin and muscle at corner of mouth

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Elevates the corners of the mouth to smile

Zygomaticus

Bilaterally flexes the neck, unilaterally turns the head

Sternocleidomastoid

Closes the jaw, elevates the mandible

Masseter

Primarily functions in closing the eyes

Orbicularis oculi

Raises the eyebrows

Frontalis

Primarily functions in closing the mouth

Orbicularis oris

Draws the corners of the mouth laterally (ex: whistling)

Buccinator

What is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

What is the origin of the sub scapular is muscle?

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

What is the insertion of the rhomboid (major & minor) muscles?

Medial border of scapula

Elevates the scapulae

Levator scapulae

Abducts the arm

Deltoid

Extends the vertebral column

Erector spinae

Depresses and protracts the shoulder

Pectoralis minor

Flexes, abducts, and medically rotates the arm at the shoulder

Pectoralis major

Protracts the shoulder and rotates the scapula

Serratus anterior

Elevates the rib cage

External intercostals

Compresses the abdomen

Transverse abdominis

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

Iliac crest

What is the origin of the brachialis?

Distal portion of humerus

What is the insertion of the recuts femoris?

Tibial tuberosity and patella

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

Radius

What is A

Subscapularis

What is B

Deltoid

What is C

Biceps brachii

What is D

Triceps brachii

What is E

Brachialis

What is F

Brachioradialis

What is G

Extensor digitorum

What is H

Flexor digitorum superficialis

What is A

Tensor fascia

What is B

Vastus intermedius

What is C

Sartorius

What is D

Rectus femoris

What is E

Vastus medialis

What is F

Vastus lateralis

What is G

Tibialis anterior

What is A

Gluteus medius

What is B

Gluteus maximus

What is C

Adductor longus

What is D

Gracialis

What is E

Semitendinosus

What is F

Adductor magnus

What is G

Bicep femoris

What is H

Semimembranosus

What is I

Gastrocnemius

What is J

Soleus

Flexes the forearm as a synergist

Brachialis

Abducts the leg

Gluteus medius

Extends the knee

Vastus lateralis

Extends the thigh at the hip, flexes the knee

Biceps femoris

Dorsiflexion, inverts foot,

Tibialis anterior

Abducts, medically rotates and flexes the thigh at the hip

Adductor magnus

Plantar flexes foot

Soleus

Extends the digits and hand

Extensor digitorum

Extends the thigh

Gluteus Maximus

What are the 4 muscles in the quadriceps?

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis/ medialis

Vastus intermedius

What are the 3 muscles in the hamstring?

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Which type of muscle is NOT strained?

Smooth muscle

Which type of muscle exhibits branching?

Cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle is under somatic nervous system control?

Skeletal muscle

This type of muscle contraction is characterized by maximal muscle tension and smooth, sustained contraction without relaxation

Complete (fused) tetanus

This is a small involuntary muscle contraction due to a single stimulation

Muscle twitch

_____ are support cells that serve a protective anchoring function in nervous tissue

Glial cells

______ send messages and are considered the functional units of nervous tissue

Neurons

Transmits impulses from sensory receptors in the skin or internal organs towards the CNS

Motor (afferent) neuron

Exists between motor and sensory neurons; where integration occurs

Interneurons

Transmits impulses away from the CNS to effector organs

Sensory neuron

What are the 4 types of glial cells in the CNS?

Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal, oligodendrocytes

What are the 2 types of cells in the PNS?

Satellite cells and Schwann cells

Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS; control chemical environment around neurons

Satellite cells

Line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, secreting and circulating cerebrospinal fluid

Ependymal

Produce myelin sheath of the PNS

Schwann cells

Support and anchor neurons to capillaries in CNS; control chemical environment around neurons

Astrocytes

Produces the myelin sheath of the CNS

Oligodendrocytes