Childhood Disorders Exam 3

MDD

Major Depressive Disorder

PDD

Persistent Depressive Disorder

MDD

• symptoms present for 2 weeks

• symptoms are more severe

• can develop suddenly

• episodic symptoms

• significant impairment

• 5 of 9 symptoms

PDD

• symptoms present for 2 years

• symptoms are more chronic

• gradually develops

• constant depressed mood

• less intense impairment

• 2 or more symptoms

Safety Plan

1. identify warning signs

2. activities

   1. increasing social support

   2. engaging the senses

   3. physical activity

   4. cognitively stimulating

   5. repeat

3. emergency numbers

4. means safety as appropriate

Negative Cognitive Triad

Devalue world, devalue self, devalue future

irritability

what can low mood be replaced with in MDD or PDD for children?

6 years

what is the minimum developmental age to diagnose DMDD?

DMDD

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

BD

bipolar disorder

18 years

what is the maximum developmental age to diagnose DMDD?

chronic irritability

what is the main symptom identified in DMDD?

manic episode

a distinct period of abnormality and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy lasting 1+ week that is present most of the day, nearly every day

hypomanic episode

a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy lasting 4+ consecutive days that is present most of the day, nearly every day

major depressive episode

5+ symptoms have been present during the same 2 week period, represent a change from previous functioning AND at least one of the symptoms is either a depressed mood or lost of interest or pleasure

bipolar 1 disorder

A manic episode automatically bumps an individual into what bipolar diagnosis?

bipolar 1 disorder

mania is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning OR to require hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others OR there are psychotic features

• at least one lifetime manic episode

bipolar 2 disorder

depression symptoms OR the unpredictability caused by frequent depressive/hypomanic periods; causes clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning

• at least one lifetime hypomanic episode

cyclothymic disorder

full criteria for major depressive disorder, manic, or hypomanic episodes were never met

somatic

what depressive symptoms are more likely to be reported by parents/clients when coming in for an evaluation or therapy?

manic episodes

which episodes last longer and are more severe?

pediatric bipolar disorder

• occurs infrequently

• shows extreme variability of clinical presentations

  • overlaps in symptoms with more common childhood disorders

CBT

cognitive behavioral therapy

CBT

a structured form of psychotherapy that aims to change patterns of thinking or behavior causing people’s emotional distress 

• focusing on how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected

Cognitive triad

depressed people often have negative views of themselves, the world, or the future

CBT triangle

identify negative thoughts, challenge the negative thoughts, and replace with balanced thoughts

automatic thought

spontaneous thoughts that occur in response to events, these thoughts are often irrational and negative contributing to mood disorders like depression

core belief

fundamental, deep rooted ideas that individuals hold about themselves and the world

• im not good enough

• the world is unfair

Influence automatic thoughts

cognitive restructuring

the process of identifying and challenging distorted or irrational thoughts and replacing them with balances, evidence-based alternatives

socratic questioning

a technique where the therapist asks guided questions to help the client reflect on and challenge their assumptions

behavioral activation

a key strategy in CBT for depression, it involves encouraging clients to engage in positive and rewarding activity to counteract avoidance and inactivity, which are common in depression

cognitive distortion

thinking errors that cause people to perceive reality inaccurately

Fight or flight response

the body’s automatic physiological reaction to a pervieved threat or danger, preapring the indicidual to either fight the threat or flee

anxiety

strong negative emotion and bodily symptoms of tension in anticipation of future danger or misfortune

• may occur in absence of realistic danger

fear

present oriented emotional reaction

• occurs in the face of a current danger and marked by a strong escape tendency

panic

a group of physical symptoms of fight/flight response

• unexpectedly occurs in the absence of obvious danger or threat

worry

a repetitive and often uncontrollable thought pattern focused on potential negative outcomes or dangers

• often irrational exaggerated may lead to physical symptoms or avoidant behaviors

concern

a reasonable and proportionate thought about a genuine problem or situation that may require attention or action

• associated with more focused and practical thinking and are less emotionally distressing

no

do social situations need to be avoided in order to receive a social anxiety disorder diagnosis

obsession

intrusive repetitive and distressing thought urge or image

compulsion

repetitive behabior or mental acts aimed at reducing distress or rpeventing a feared event

exposure therapy

gradual exposure to feared situations, breaking the cycle of avoidance

avoidance

a cycle that maintains anxiety

habituation

repeated exposure decreases anxiety response

act therapy

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY

• behavioral approach that emphasizes psychological flexability where avoidance is a strong component

acceptance

accepting anxiety allows client to reduce the struggle against distressing thoughts

values

identifying what is meaningful to the client like family education or health

• provide compass for committed action even in the presence of anxiety

cognitive diffusion

practicing nonattachment to thoughts by recognizing they are just thoughts

self as context

understanding that ones identity is seperate from thoughts and emotion

committed action

taking actions aligned with values, despite experiencing anxiety