Med Terms Chapter 10 (Reproductive System)

amni/o

amnion (combining form)

cervic/o

neck, cervix (combining form)

chori/o

chorion (combining form)

colp/o

vagina (combining form)

culd/o

cul-de-sac (combining form)

embry/o

embryo (combining form)

episi/o

vulva (combining form)

fet/o

fetus (combining form)

gynec/o

woman, female (combining form)

hymen/o

hymen (combining form)

hyster/o

uterus (combining form)

lact/o

milk (combining form)

mamm/o

breast (combining form)

mast/o

breast (combining form)

men/o

menses, menstruation (combining form)

metr/o

uterus (combining form)

nat/o

birth (combining form)

oophor/o

ovary (combining form)

ov/o

egg (combining form)

ovari/o

ovary (combining form)

perine/o

perineum (combining form)

salping/o

fallopian tubes, uterine tubes (combining form)

uter/o

uterus (combining form)

vagin/o

vagina (combining form)

vulv/o

vulva (combining form)

-arche

beginning

-cyesis

state of pregnancy

-gravida

pregnancy

-para

to bear (offspring)

-partum

childbirth

-salpinx

fallopian tube

-tocia

labor, childbirth

ova

female reproductive cell

fertilization (conception)

fusion of an ovum and sperm to produce an embryo

pregnancy

the time from fertilization of an ovum to the birth of the newborn

breasts (mammary glands)

milk-producing glands to provide nutrition for a newborn

sex hormones

hormones secreted by gonads and the adrenal cortex; estrogen and progesterone in females and testosterone in males

genitalia

reproductive organs

uterus

also known as the womb; internal organ of female reproductive system where the fetus develops; divided into fundus, corpus, and cervix

ovaries

female gonads; responsible for production of ova and the hormones estrogen and progesterone

fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)(oviducts)

transport eggs from the ovary to the uterus

vagina

female reproductive organ that receives the penis and semen

vulva

general term for external female genitalia; consists of Bartholin's glands, labia major, labia minora, and clitoris

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of eggs in females and sperm in males

luteinizing hormone (LH)

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females

ovulation

process by which one ovary releases an ovum

estrogen

one of the hormones produced by the ovaries; works with progesterone to control the menstrual cycle; responsible for producing secondary sexual characteristics

progesterone

one of the hormones produced by the ovaries; works with estrogen to control the menstrual cycle; responsible for producing secondary sexual characteristics

fimbriae

fingerlike extensions on the end of the fallopian tubes; direct ovum into fallopian tube after it is expelled by the ovary

anteflexion

how the uterus normally is; bent slightly

perimetrium

outer layer of the uterus

fundus

upper portion of the uterus

corpus

body of the uterus

cervix (Cx)

lower portion of the uterus (neck)

endometrium

inner layer of the uterine wall with a rich blood supply

myometrium

thick muscular walls of the uterus

menstruation (menstrual period)

loss of blood and tissue as endometrium is shed by the uterus; occurs if a pregnancy is not established

menarche

a girl's first menstrual period (usually during early teenage years)

menopause

ending of menstrual activity and childbearing years; generally occurs between the ages of 40 and 55

hymen

thin membranous tissue that partially covers the external vaginal opening

vaginal orifice

external vaginal opening

Bartholin's glands

glands located on either side of the vaginal orifice that secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse

labia majora

outer folds of skin that serves as protection for female external genitalia and the urethral meatus

urinary meatus

external opening of the urethra

clitoris

small organ containing sensitive erectile tissue that is aroused during sexual stimulation and corresponds to the male penis

erectile tissue

tissue with numerous blood vessels and nerve endings; becomes filled with blood and enlarged in size in response to sexual stimulation; found in female clitoris and male penis

perineum

region between the vaginal orifice and anus

lactation

process in which the breasts produce milk

nurse

to breastfeed a baby

lactiferous glands

glands that produce milk

nipple

point at which milk is released from the breast

lactiferous ducts

carry milk from lactiferous glands to the nipples

areola

pigmented area around the nipple

gestation

length of time from conception to birth, generally 9 months; also known as pregnancy

premature

what a baby is considered if it is born before completing at least 37 weeks of gestation

embryo

term to describe the developing infant from fertilization until the end of the 8th week

fetus

term to describe the developing newborn from the end of the 8th week until birth

placenta

spongy, blood-filled organ that forms in the uterus next to the fetus; how the fetus receives nourishment from its mother; also known as afterbirth

umbilical cord

attaches the fetus to the placenta

amnion

innermost sac surrounding the fetus; contains amniotic fluid

amniotic fluid

fluid inside the amniotic sac in which the baby floats

chorion

outer, protective sac surrounding the fetus; helps form the placenta

labor

the actual process of expelling the fetus from the uterus and through the vagina

dilation stage

first stage of labor in which uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel the fetus; fetus presses on the cervix and causes it to expand

effacement

thinning of the cervix during labor

expulsion stage

stage of labor in which the baby is delivered

delivery

emergence of the baby from the birth canal

crowning

when the head of the baby is visible through the vaginal opening

breech presentation

placement of the fetus in which the buttocks or feet are presented first for delivery rather than the head

placental stage

last stage of labor in which the placenta is expelled through the vagina immediately after childbirth

amniotomy

incision into the amnion

amniotic

pertaining to the amnion

amniorrhea

flow of fluid from amnion

cervicectomy

removal of cervix

cervical

pertaining to the cervix

endocervicitis

inflammation within the cervix

chorionic

pertaining to the chorion

colposcope

instrument to view inside the vagina

embryonic

pertaining to the embryo

episiorrhaphy

suture of the vulva