Studied by 23 peopleinheritance
transmittance of inborn characteristics from parent to offspring
heritable
adjective describing traits that are genetically based or passed on from parent to offspring
genetics
branch of biology that focuses on heredity
self-pollination
process in which pollen from the anther of a flower is transferred to the stigma of the same flower
self-fertilization
process in which male and female gametes within the same flower fuse to produce offspring (form a zygote)
true breeding
adjective describing an individual in which when self-pollinated will only produce offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent
parental generation
first two individuals crossed during breeding experimentation
first filial generation
generation of offspring produced from breeding parent
second filial generation
generation offspring produced by the first filial generation
cross pollinate
process in which pollen from one plant is used during reproduction with another plant
monohybrid cross
cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits
blending
process in which parents pass on traits to offspring which blend to form an intermediate
law of segregation
alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
law of independent assortment
alleles for different genes separate independently of one another
locus
location of gene
homozygous
if two alleles of a particular gene are the same in an individual
heterozygous
if two alleles of a particular gene are different in an individual
genotype
the set of alleles that an individual has for a trait
phenotype
physical expression of a trait
punnett square
diagram that depicts the outcome of a gamete cross
allele
an alternate form of a gene
dominant allele
an allele of a gene which is represented by a capital letter that is expressed over the recessive allele
recessive allele
an allele of a gene which is represented by a lowercase letter that is suppressed by the dominant allele
polygenic inheritance
trait determined by many genes
environmental influence
the expression of some genes are affected by environmental condition
incomplete dominance
occurs when heterozygous is an intermediate phenotype between dominant and recessive
codominance
occurs when both alleles are equally expressed in heterozygous
multiple alleles
trait that has more than two alleles
linked genes
genes for different traits are located on the same chromosome and therefore tend to be inherited together
sex linked traits
traits controlled by genes on a sex chromosome
genotypic ratio
ratio to represent the possible genotypes of a given cross as homozygous dominant to heterozygous to homozygous recessive
phenotypic ratio
ratio to represent the possible phenotypes of a given cross as dominant to recessive
probability
likelihood a specific event will occur
test cross
cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an individual with the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype
ishihara chart
a chart used to test for color blindness
single trait cross
cross that (focuses on or involves) one pair of contrasting traits
Note 
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