A&P 2e - Ch 17: Endocrine System (Review Questions)

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Endocrine glands __.

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called __.

paracrine

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of __.

thyroid hormone

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?

Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

neural

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of __.

nerve axons

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?

TSH

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

2

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance?

antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true?

It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx.

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by __.

TSH from the anterior pituitary

The development of a goiter indicates that __.

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via __.

active transport

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates __.

the activity of osteoclasts

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?

fractures

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?

kidneys

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?

chromaffin cells

Cushing’s disease is a disorder caused by __.

abnormally high levels of cortisol

Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response?

reduced mental activity

What cells secrete melatonin?

pinealocytes

The production of melatonin is inhibited by __.

exposure to bright light

The gonads produce what class of hormones?

steroid hormones

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?

inhibin

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to __.

prepare the breasts for lactation

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?

glucagon

Which of the following statements about insulin is true?

Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

The walls of the atria produce which hormone?

atrial natriuretic peptide

The end result of the RAAS is to __.

increase blood pressure

Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their __.

blood oxygen levels

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the __.

development of T cells

The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer?

oral ectoderm

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes __.

decreased basal metabolic rate