Lecture Notes on Bacterial Pathogens

Flashcards focusing on key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture about bacterial pathogens, their characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatments.

Hemophilus

Small G (-) rods/coccobacilli, aerobic/facultative anaerobic bacteria that require X and V factors for growth.

X factor

Iron porphyrin, hemin, which serves as a growth factor for certain bacteria, sourced from blood or heated blood.

V factor

NAD (Nicotinamide dinucleotide), a growth factor sourced from yeast extract or Staphylococcus aureus.

Pathogenic Species of Hemophilus

Includes H. influenzae (humans) and H. somnus, H. parasuis, H. paragallinarum (animals).

Pathogenesis of H. somnus

Characterized by a capsule for adherence, an endotoxin component, and the suppression of neutrophil function.

Glasser's Disease

A disease caused by H. parasuis in pigs characterized by polyserositis and can lead to death.

Taylorella equi

Causes contagious equine metritis, infecting only equine species, transmitted venereally.

Brucella

Non-motile, small G- rods that are pathogenic and affect the reticuloendothelial system and reproductive tracts.

Brucella abortus

Causes abortion in cattle, typically with an incubation period of 30-60 days.

Mycoplasma

A group of bacteria that lack cell walls and require cholesterol for growth, associated with respiratory diseases and infertility.

Campylobacter

Spirally curved motile G- bacteria that cause enteritis in humans, found in the intestines of birds and may cause abortion in cattle.

Neisseriaceae Family

Includes pathogenic genera such as Brucella, which are relevant in veterinary medicine.

Spirochetes

Helically shaped motile bacteria, including genera like Leptospira, Borrelia, and Treponema; they are often transmitted by ticks.

Lawsonia intracellularis

A G- rod responsible for proliferative enteritis in pigs, typically resulting in chronic diarrhea.

Treponema pallidum

The bacterium responsible for syphilis in humans and can lead to digital dermatitis in bovines.

Diagnosis of Brucellosis

Includes serum agglutination tests, PCR, and milk ring tests to determine infection in animals.

M. avium

A non-classic mycobacterium primarily infecting poultry and causing significant disease.

Prevalence of Leptospirosis

High prevalence in cattle, swine, and horses, particularly during rainfall.

Treatment for Mycoplasma infections

Includes the use of antibiotics such as tetracyclines and macrolides, alongside good hygiene practices.

Pathogenicity of M. bovis

Results in tuberculosis in humans, cattle, and other species, primarily affecting the lungs.

E. coli infections

Outbreaks can be maintained through contaminated water and food sources, notably related to livestock.

Cultural isolation for bacterial diagnosis

May require special media and conditions for optimal growth of fastidious organisms.

Control measures for Brucella

Include vaccination, herd isolation, and proper management to prevent spread.