Chapter 17- McGraw Hill- Connect

The endocrine system releases chemical messengers called _______ into the blood stream

hormones

The nervous system affects target organs through the release of chemicals called _________

neurotransmitter

The endocrine system has many functions in the human body, including which of the following?

Regulating blood ion concentrations

Maintaining blood volume

Controlling movement of food through the digestive tract

Which endocrine organ is found in the thoracic cavity?

Thymus

Which of the following is an example of hormone release in response to a humoral (blood levels) stimulus?

After eating a candy bar, your pancreas releases insulin

What are the two major controlling systems of the body?

Endocrine and nervous systems

The endocrine system works closely with the ____ system to bring about homeostasis in the body

nervous

The endocrine system has many functions in the human body including which of the following?

Overseeing reproductive functions

Controlling metabolism

Regulating blood composition

Hormones can be released as a duct response to which of the following stimuli?

Hormonal

Neural

Humoral

Cells that have specific receptors for a hormone are called _________

target cells

Steroid hormones are a type of lipid derived from ________

cholesterol

The nervous system affects target organs through the release of chemicals called __________

neurotransmitters

The endorine system has many functions, including:

Regulating blood ion concentrations

Maintaining blood volume

Controlling movement of food through the digestive tract

Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids?

Thromboxanes

Leukotrienes

Prostaglandins

Which of the following is classified as a steroid hormone?

Testosterone

Most hormones are transported in the _______ to their target cells

blood

The endocrine system works closely with the _____ system to bring about homeostasis in the body

nervous

Lipid-soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and are thus called _____ hormones

bound

Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream

Degradation by enzymes

Excretion by the kidneys

Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus, Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered _____ hormones

local

Cells with receptors for a particular hormone are called _________ cells for that hormone

target

Hormones that are transported in the blood are released from ______

endocrine glands

Because of their structure, lipid-soluble hormones bind to the receptors of target cells _________

inside the cell

True or False Lipid-soluble hormones are easily dissolved and travel freely in the blood

False

Because of their structure, water-soluble hormones bind a receptor on the cell membrane initiating a series of biochemical events across the membrane known as a ________ transduction pathway

signal

What are the two factors that affect the concentration of a circulating hormone?

synthesis and elimination

True or False: A target cell may have receptors for more than one type of hormone

True

A lipid-soluble hormone binds to its intracellular receptor and then binds to a portion of DNA called a ______ element (HRE)

Hormone-response element

If a target cell is becoming overstimulated by a particular hormone, in general, it will ______ the number of receptors it has for that particular hormone in order to maintain homeostasis

decrease

Lipid-soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and are thus called _____ hormones

bound

Water-soluble hormones bind to their target cell receptors found _____

on the cytosol side of the plasma membrane

A single target cell of a hormone ________

can display differing numbers of receptors for the same hormone

The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ________ sensitive it is to that hormone

more

True or False: Lipid-soluble hormones are easily dissolved and travel freely dissolved and travel freely in the blood

False

Match each type of hormone interaction with an example in the body

Synergistic- estrogen and progesterone are more powerful together

Permissive- oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in the absence of prolactin

Antagonistic- Glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar levels respectively

Which of the following glands is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?

parathyroid gland

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus through a thin stalk called the _________

infundibulum

Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

oxytocin

ADH

Match each descriptive term with its definition

Synergistic- Two hormones work together

Permissive- One hormone allows another to function

Antagonistic- Two hormones work in opposition to one another

Sometimes called the "Master Control Gland", the _________ gland oversees most of the endocrine activity in the body

hypothalamus

The pituitary gland is located withing the sella turcicia of the ______ bone

sphenoid

The regulatory hormone that control the anterior pituitary gland arrive from the hypothalamus by way of the __________

hypothalao-hypophyseal portal system

The posterior pituitary gland releases _______ hormone(s)

two

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Which of the following glands is not controlled by the hypothalamus?

Parathyroid gland

The gland that is also known as the hypophysis and lies inferior to the hypothalamus is the ______ gland.

pituitary gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is also called

thyrotropin

The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the ____________

hypothalamus

Oxytocin is a hormone released by the ___________ pituitary gland

Posterior

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis; as a result, blood sugar levels ________

rise

The anterior pituitary gland secretes TSH, which stimulates the _______ gland

thyroid

The thyroid gland is located in the ____________

neck

The regulatory hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland arrive from the hypothalamus by way of the _________________

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is released from the hypothalamus in response to which of the following stimuli?

A decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood

Low body temperature