2 HOME EC chpt 6 special diets

How does the World Health Organization define overweight and obesity?

As abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health.

What are some genetic factors contributing to overweight and obesity?

Studies indicate a genetic link in being overweight and having obesity.

What results from a person's calorie intake exceeding their output?

Weight gain occurs.

How does a sedentary lifestyle contribute to obesity?

It leads to insufficient calorie burning due to little to no exercise.

What role does poor nutritional knowledge play in obesity?

It can lead to poorly informed food choices.

What are some poor eating patterns associated with obesity?

Skipping breakfast, snacking on high-calorie foods, and eating late at night.

How can low income contribute to obesity?

Cheap convenience foods are often high in fat and sugar.

What impact does a busy lifestyle have on eating habits?

It can lead to reliance on convenience foods and takeaways.

What emotional factors may lead to comfort eating?

Emotions such as depression, anxiety, boredom, or stress.

What is weight cycling?

The repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight gain over many years.

What medical conditions can cause weight gain?

Conditions like an underactive thyroid gland and polycystic ovaries, as well as certain medications.

What are some health problems associated with obesity?

Heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, varicose veins, and gout.

What dietary practices should be adopted to treat obesity?

Maintain a balanced diet, establish regular healthy meals, avoid convenience foods, and choose healthy cooking methods.

What lifestyle practices can help in treating obesity?

Increase daily exercise and establish a good sleep routine.

What is diabetes and how does it occur?

A serious health condition where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 occurs in childhood with a strong genetic link; Type 2 is associated with being overweight and involves some insulin production.

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Fragile bones, fractures, curvature of the spine, loss of height, and neck/back pain.

What dietary guidelines can help prevent osteoporosis?

Consume a diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, and participate in weight-bearing exercises.

What health problems are associated with high sugar diets?

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental disease.

What are the guidelines for maintaining a low salt diet?

Limit salt intake to no more than 6 grams per day and avoid adding salt during cooking.

What are the health risks of high fat diets?

They can lead to cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and strokes.

What foods should be avoided to reduce cholesterol intake?

High cholesterol foods like butter, cream, and processed foods.

What is the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber?

30 grams of fiber should be consumed daily.

What are the characteristics of a vegan diet?

It consists entirely of plant foods and excludes all animal products.

What is coeliac disease?

An intolerance to gluten, leading to symptoms like bloating, weight loss, and abdominal pain.

What is lactose intolerance?

A condition where individuals cannot digest lactose due to a lack of the enzyme lactase, causing cramps and diarrhea.