Ch.2 - Research Methods

What is pseudoscience?

Fake science, such as mind reading and astrology.

What caution should researchers take when relying on common sense psychology?

The goal of science is to do the research and find the facts, as common sense can be misleading.

What is the focus of relationship science?

The scientific study of relationships.

When did relationship science begin as a formal endeavor?

In 1879.

What sources can researchers use to develop research questions?

By reading articles, analyzing them, and identifying gaps or areas of improvement.

What is a convenience sample?

A sample that is convenient for the researcher to access.

What is volunteer bias?

A bias that occurs in those who volunteer to participate in research, potentially limiting representativeness.

What are some non-experimental methods in research?

Observational studies, surveys, correlational studies, and developmental studies.

What is a key advantage of observational research?

It can provide real-life insights into behavior.

What is a primary disadvantage of surveys?

Participants may provide false answers due to social desirability or memory issues.

What does the correlation coefficient indicate?

The direction and strength of the relationship between two variables.

What does a long-term longitudinal study allow researchers to do?

Follow the same group of individuals over time to detect changes.

What are the key components of an experimental method?

Manipulation of an independent variable to measure its effect on a dependent variable.

What is the difference between internal validity and external validity?

Internal validity refers to control within the study, while external validity pertains to the generalizability of results.

What ethical considerations should researchers address in relationship science?

They should consider the potential distress caused by asking participants about personal matters.

What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

To evaluate studies and ensure that benefits outweigh potential harms.

What can self-reports in relationship research be biased by?

Participants may bias their responses to appear more favorable or due to inaccurate memory.

What types of data can complement self-reports in relationship research?

Physiological measures, couple reports, and behavioral observations.