exam for personality part3

What are the three levels of the topographical model of the human psyche?

Conscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious

What is the function of the Pre-conscious mind?

Stores thoughts and memories that can be easily brought into consciousness.

What is the function of the Unconscious mind?

Contains repressed memories and desires, influencing behavior without awareness.

What are the three components of Freud's Structural model of personality?

Id, Ego, Superego

What is the function of the Id?

Operates on the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification.

What is the function of the Ego?

Operates on the reality principle, mediating between the desires of the Id and the morality of the Superego.

What is the function of the Superego?

Represents conscience and moral standards.

Name the five psychosexual stages of development in order.

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital

What is fixation in Freud's psychosexual stages?

When libido is stuck at a particular stage due to unresolved conflicts.

List the defense mechanisms Freud described.

Denial, Reaction formation, Projection, Displacement, Repression, Rationalization, Sublimation, Humor

Which defense mechanisms did Freud consider "higher"?

Sublimation and Humor

What are the two primary ego attitudes in Jung's theory?

Extraversion and Introversion

Name the four ego functions in Jung's theory.

Thinking, Feeling, Intuiting, Sensing

What is the collective unconscious according to Jung?

A part of the unconscious mind shared by all humans, containing universal experiences and archetypes.

What is an archetype?

A universal symbol or pattern in the collective unconscious that influences behavior and experiences.

Name and describe Jung's four archetypes.

• Self: Represents integration and unity of the personality.

• Shadow: Represents the unconscious, repressed parts of the personality.

• Anima/Animus: Represents the feminine/masculine aspects within each person.

• Persona: The social mask or role we present to the world.

What is the source of basic anxiety in Horney's theory?

A feeling of unworthiness or being unloved during childhood

What are Horney's three defensive strategies to cope with anxiety?

Moving toward, Moving against, Moving away

What is the neurotic personality associated with "moving toward"?

The compliant personality.

What is the neurotic personality associated with "moving against"?

The aggressive personality.

What is the neurotic personality associated with "moving away"?

The detached personality.

What is the inferiority complex in Adler's theory?

A feeling of inadequacy and insecurity stemming from early life experiences.

What role does birth order play in Adler's theory?

It affects personality development, with different birth positions influencing behavior and roles within the family.

What does Object Relations Theory emphasize?

The importance of early relationships (particularly with caregivers) in shaping adult personality and relationships.