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potsdam conference
final meeting among leaders of the big three - july 1945 in germany
military-industrial complex
informal alliance between the government and large defense contractors
- results in too much power
self-determination
idea that each country should choose its own form of government and leaders
united nations (UN)
US, great britain, soviet union, and china - established in 1956. made to promote peace and prosperity
capitalism vs. communism
captitalism: privately owned
communism: government owned
USSR and its satellite countries
bulgaria, east germany, hungary, poland, and romania - all share economic system with USSR
containment
policy to not let communism spread further
marshall plan
june 1947 - designed to offer $12B of aid to all nations of europe to modernize industry and rebuild
non-aligned movement
nations that wanted out of the US v. USSR cold war and did not want economic/political/social order dominated by two superpowers
berlin wall
wall dividing west and east berlin
NATO + warsaw pact
north atlantic treaty organization: made of western nations
soviet response to NATO
SEATO
southeast asia treaty organization - australia, france, great britain, new zealand, pakistan, philippines, thailand, and US
kwame nkrumah + one-party state
ghana’s first president
in which there is only one political party
korean war
proxy wars: north (communist) v. south (democratic) korea. resulted in stalemate
vietnam war
proxy wars: communist north v. capitalist south vietnam. resulted in communist victory
soviet-afghan war
proxy wars: soviet invasion of afghanistan to prop up that country’s communist government against muslim fighters. weakened the USSR
domino theory
idea that if one country became communist, others surrounding it would soon follow
muslim league
founded to advocate for a separate nation for indian muslims
nuclear test ban treaty
treaty to ban testing of nuclear missiles - 1963
great leap forward
1958 policy in china that consisted of lad reforms. resulted in +20M chinese deaths and ended in 1960
communes
large agricultural communities in china + land held by the state
cultural revolution
silenced critics of mao and opposers of communism. reinforced commitment to communism
white revoluton
iran - shah instituted progressive reforms — no bloodshed
iranian revoluton
1979 - toppled the shah, created a theocracy
land reform in latin america
venezuela - redistribution of 5M acres of land
guatemala - democratic election, eventual land reform efforts
land reform in asia
vietnam - communist takeover carried out policies
algerian war for independence
1954 - algerians were driven by nationalism, campaigned for independence
ho chi minh + viet cong
communist leader of vietnam
south vietnamese who supported communists
gamal abdel nasser - suez crisis
overthrew the king, established republic of egypt
egyptian conflict with US, USSR, britain, and france over suez canal
biafran civil war
nigeria 1967 - westernized tribe tried to secede from the north-dominated government
quiet revolution
canada 1960s - political and social change in quebec
zionist movement + birth of israel + multiple wars
establish land for jews
state established in palestine, colonization of palestine
six day war, yom-kippur war, israel vs. everyone else
hamas
faction that controlled gaza
india and pakistan separate countries
1947 - britain divided hindu india and muslim pakistan
- chaotic and violent partition
- kashmir conflict
women gain power in south asia
sri lanka - world’s first female prime minister bandaranaike
india - indira gandhi
pakistan - benazir bhutto
julius nyerere
first president of tanzania. instituted african socialist political and economic ideas
camp david accords
peace agreement between prime minister menachem begin (israel) and president anwar sadat of egypt
khmer rouge
communist guerilla organization. overthrew right winf government of cambodia
age of terrorism + conflict in ireland + franco dictatorship
roman catholics v. protestant conflicts
francisco Franco ruled in spain
brezhnev doctrine
soviet union + its allies would intervene if an action by one member threatened other socialist countries
detente, SALT, reagan + gorbachev, the thaw + end of USSR
relaxation of strained relations
strategic arms limition treaty
increase tensions between US and USSR
slow end to soviet union
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