Studied by 4 people
Effects of the Automobile (8)
Suburbs 2.Malls 3.Drive-thru's
Collapse of the railroad industry
Independence (freedom and mobility)
Personal leisure time
Rise of the fossil fuel industry
Industries grow: rubber, steel, oil, tourism, construction
Define Social Darwinism
the belief that the most worthy in society are the wealthiest, survival of the fittest, they are entitled to be rich and oppress others.
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie's essay saying that the wealthy, since they are superior, are required to give their wealth back to the masses (once they die). However, not in the form of bonuses or raises, but in sustainable methods, like investing in the dissemination of knowledge by building libraries and schools.
What was the Stock Market Crash of 1929?
The stock market had experienced a period of sustained growth and speculation in the late 1920s, with many people investing heavily in the stock market and borrowing money to do so. The bubble burst on October 24, 1929, when a panic sell-off began on the New York Stock Exchange. This was known as Black Thursday, and it set off a chain reaction that would ultimately lead to the collapse of the stock market. Despite efforts to prop up the market, the panic selling continued, and on October 29, 1929, the stock market suffered its biggest one-day loss in history, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeting by 12.8%. This event became known as Black Tuesday.
What was the Great Depression?
A prolonged worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 with the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange.
1st Amendment
PRAPS: Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition
13th Amendment
Abolition of slavery
14th Amendment
Birthright citizenship
15th Amendment
gave African American men the right to vote
18th Amendment
Prohibition of alcohol
21st Amendment
repealed prohibition
22nd Amendment
Limits the president to two terms.
24th Amendment
Abolishes poll taxes
26th Amendment
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Define Stock
The capital raised by a company or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares.
Define Share
One of the equal parts into which a company's capital is divided, entitling the holder to a proportion of the profits.
Shareholder
an owner of shares in a company
Stock Ticker Symbol
A stock's abbreviated trading symbol name.
Public Company
a company whose shares are traded freely on a stock exchange.
Volatile
an investment term that describes when a market or security experiences periods of unpredictable, and sometimes sharp, price movements.
Bear Market
is defined by a prolonged drop in investment prices — generally, a bear market happens when a broad market index falls by 20% or more from its most recent high.
Bull Market
is the condition of a financial market in which prices are rising or are expected to rise.
Penny Stock
A common stock valued at less than one dollar, and therefore highly speculative.
Blue Chip Stock
are big companies known for being valuable, stable and established.
Buying on margin
is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock.
OTC (Over-the-counter) stock
are securities that are not listed on a major exchange in the United States and are instead traded via a broker-dealer network, usually because many are smaller companies and do not meet the requirements to be listed on a formal exchange.
Portfolio
is an investor's collection of stocks, funds, and other market-traded securities.
Sector
is a group of stocks that have a lot in common with each other, usually because they are in similar industries.
Short-selling
involves borrowing a security whose price you think is going to fall from your brokerage and selling it on the open market. Your plan is to then buy the same stock back later, hopefully for a lower price than you initially sold it for, and pocket the difference after repaying the initial loan.
Yield
refers to how much income an investment generates, separate from the principal. It's commonly used to refer to interest payments an investor receives on a bond or dividend payments on a stock. Yield is often expressed as a percentage, based on either the investment's market value or purchase price.
Volume
is simply the number of shares traded in a particular stock, index, or other investment over a specific period of time.
Going long
means that you own the security. Investors maintain "long" security positions in the expectation that the stock will rise in value in the future. The opposite of a "long" position is a "short" position. A "short" position is generally the sale of a stock you do not own.
IPO (initial public offering)
a corporation's first offer to sell shares to the public
Close
is a reference to the end of a trading session in the financial markets when the markets close for the day.
Day Trading
a form of share dealing in which individuals buy and sell shares over the internet over a period of a single day's trading, with the intention of profiting from small price fluctuations.
Dividend
is a payment to shareholders that consists of additional shares rather than cash. The distributions are paid in fractions per existing share. For example, if a company issues a stock dividend of 5%, it will pay 0.05 shares for every share owned by a shareholder.
REIT
is a security that trades like a stock on the major exchanges and owns—and in most cases operates—income-producing real estate or related assets.
Rally
is a sudden and brief upsurge in prices of stocks, shares, bonds or indices. A stock market rally or a share price rally usually involves a spurt or a rise in a stock price in a short time span.
Guerrilla Warfare
A hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of (usually inexperienced) warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes
Sebastián Lemba
Leader of the maroons in DR
Enriquillo
Leader of the taĂnos
Wage
A fixed amount paid to an employee for EACH PAY PERIOD. Usually hourly, can change depending on how much you work.
Insurance
A method for spreading individual risk among a large group of people to make losses more affordable for all.
Cafeteria-style benefits
Allows the workers to choose the benefits that best meet their personal needs.
Economic Condition
Consumer prices, consumer spending, and interest rates.
Income
Money that a person receives such as a paycheck from a job, an allowance from parents, or interest earned on a savings account.
Cost of living
Price of food, transportation, housing, and other expenses.
Pension plan
Retirement plan that is funded at least in part by an employer.
Benefits
Something the company offers besides a paycheck.
Leave
A period of time away from your job, sometimes paid for.
Retirement
The age at which you stop working full time.
Investment
The use of savings to earn a financial return. Buying something to then get something back in the future.
Exemption
A tax break received because of particular circumstances.
Mortgage
An agreement that a borrower gives a lender in turn for the lender giving a loan for the purpose of buying property.
Escrow Account
An account usually set up b y a mortagee for the purpose of collecting and paying property taxes and insurance on the property.
ARM (Adjustable Rate Mortgage)
a mortgage on which the interest rate moves up or down on a periodic basis, based on the economic conditions
Points
A mortgage term that refers to the fee the lender charges the borrower for lending money.
Garnishment
A court order to an employer to withhold some of an employee's wages; that money must be sent to the court to pay someone who has won against and employee.
authoritarianism
a political system that denies the people participation in government, ruled by a cruel dictator.
Totalitarianism
A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
theocracy
A government controlled by religious leaders
monarchy
A government ruled by a king or queen, power is hereditary
constitutional monarchy
A system of governing in which the monarch's power is limited by law.
nefarious
extremely wicked
coup d'etat
A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group
euphemism
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
anarchy
a lack of government and law; confusion
Push Factors of Immigration
Unemployment
Lack of Safety
Lack of services (like healthcare)
Poverty
Crop failure
Drought
War, civil unrest
Isolation
Natural hazards
Pull Factors of Immigration
Potential for employment 2.A safer atmosphere
Better service provision
Greater wealth
Fertile land
Good food supplies
Political security
Less risk of natural hazards
Friends and family
Regime
a government, especially an authoritarian one
credit
borrow money upfront and pay off later once or in parts.
installment plan
paying for an item in fixed amounts at specified intervals (like monthly netflix payments)
moonshine
illegal, homemade alcohol
speakeasy
Illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition
bootlegging (contraband)
the act of making of transporting alcoholic liquor for sale illegally
Mafia during prohibition
Organised crime grew in strength, the mafia distributed the illegal alcohol.
Labour union
an organization of workers that acts to protect workers' rights and interests
labour strike
a collective refusal to work, often protesting for something from the employer
smoke-filled room
a situation in which party elites make important decisions away from the scrutiny or influence of party membership
Glass ceiling
A metaphor alluding to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions.
xenophobia
fear or hatred of foreigners
xenophilia
(n) an attraction to foreign peoples, cultures, or customs
melting pot
society in which people of different nationalities assimilate to form one culture
salad bowl
emphasizes the importance of maintaining distinct cultural identity while living with others.
Qualities of a dictator
Not elected
Focus on military
NO individual rights
Supreme leader
Focus on control
VERY nationalistic
Sebastian Lemba
leader of the maroons
Enriquillo
Leader of the taĂnos
Guerrilla Warfare in DR
Tainos: Indigenous peoples revolted against the Spanish colonizers using Guerrilla Warfare.
Maroons: bands of escaped slaves who performed copious hit-and-run attacks on colonizers. -Attack villages, liberate slaves, hide in the mountains.
Diaspora
people living outside their homeland.
despot
a dictator with absolute power; cruel and nefarious
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union
Lee Kwan Yew
Singapore's autocratic prime minister fro 30 years. Benevolent dictator.
Blue-chip stock
a stock that comes from a well-known, established company that has guaranteed yields, however not huge.
Note 
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