Aquatic Entomology Exam 3 Terms

Pterygota

monophyletic clade of winged insects and those that lost their wings (not Apterygota)

Odonata

Order

dragonflies and damselflies

direct flight, can’t fold wings over back

Ephemeroptera

Order

mayflies

direct flight, can’t fold wings over back

Neoptera

monophyletic clade of indirect flighted insects and wings that can fold over back

Paleoptera

mayflies and dragonflies are more related to each other than to Neoptera. (sister to Neoptera)

unifying trait of wings unable to fold on back

Zygoptera

Suborder of Odonata

Adults:

• forewings and hindwings same size and shape

• base wings thin

• heads wide with eyes on either side

• smaller

Nymphs:

• head wider than abdomen

• 3 caudal lamellae

• smaller +slender

Anisoptera

Suborder of Odonata

Adults:

• forewings and hindwings similar length, not size

• broad wing base

• hemispherical heads and large eyes

• larger

Nymphs:

• stout

• 2 tarsal claws

• no caudal lamellae

• head narrower than abdomen

subimago

sexually immature stage that has wings

dun

flies mimicking subimago

spinner

flies mimicking adult

Ephemeroptera 2

Adults:

• 2-3 caudal filaments

• hindwings smaller than forewings

• males may have dioptic eyes

Nymphs:

• 2-3 caudal filaments (3 typically)

• single tarsal claw

• lateral gills on abdomen

• small

diapause

waiting for better conditions, typically in eggs, nymphs, adults less common.

copulation wheel

when the female bends her abdomen to reach the male’s secondary genitalia <3

Plecoptera

Order

most primitive of Neoptera (4th oldest Order)

hemimetabolous

Plecoptera 1

Adults:

• membranous wings

• wings fold over back

• hindwings larger

• 3 seg tarsi

• long, highly seg antennae

• reduced chewing mouthparts

Nymphs:

• compound eyes

• developing wing pads

• 2 clawed tarsi

• abdomen with 2 cerci

• gills present/absent

• 3 seg tarsi

callus

9th seg tergite- used like a hammer against the ground or vegetation

Id Plecoptera

• size of glossa versus paraglossa

• length of cerci

• wing pad placement

• gills

• pleural folds

Hemiptera

Order

5th largest group of insects

2 main infraorders

• Gerromorpha

• Nepomorpha

Gerromorpha

• Infraorder of Hemiptera

• antennae longer than heads

• typically on H2O surface - supported by surface tension

• elongate body

Nepomorpha

• Infraorder of Hemiptera

• antennae shorter than head and concealed below eye

• usually underwater

  • swimming hairs on legs, modified legs

  • raptorial legs (some)

• breathe atmospheric air

• short body

Id Gerromorpha

• leg placement

• leg length

• tarsal claw at apex or before apex

• wingless/winged

Id Nepomorpha

• oar legs

• swimming type

• modified legs

• length of legs

• wingless/winged

Batesian Mimicry

mimics that look dangerous, but are fine

Mullerian Mimicry

mimics that look dangerous, and are dangerous

Trichoptera

Order

currently 7th largest order

whole group with aquatic insect larvae

hair covered wings

Trichoptera 1

Adults:

• hairs on wings

• mandibles absent/vestigal

  • haustellum

• both maxillary and labial palps long

• thoracic warts

Nymphs:

• head, thorax, and abdomen clearly defined

• elongate body

• thoracic legs well developed

• no abdomen prolegs with crochets

• single tarsal claw

• some lateral gills, some not

haustellum

fused mouthparts on Trichoptera

Id Trichoptera

• Nymphs:

  • sclerotization on thorax, humps on abdomen, antennae position and length, anal prolegs

• Adults:

  • thoracic warts, wing venation

Lepidoptera 1

Order

Adults:

• wings with scales

• mouthparts modified to proboscis

• maxillary palps reduced

Larvae:

• abdomen prolegs with crochets

• anal prolegs present

• single tarsal claw

• lack caudal filaments

crochets

tiny hooks on prolegs

Id Lepidoptera

Larvae:

• number of prolegs

• position of setae and spines

• presence of thoracic gills

Adults:

• wing venation

pharate pupa

the subimago for trichoptera

Crambidae

1 Aquatic Lepidoptera Family

Pyralidae

2 Aquatic Lepidoptera Family