evolution of correctional systems

Penitentiary Act

Established institutions for isolating and reforming criminals.

Pennsylvania System

Focuses on solitary confinement for reformation.

New York System

Inmates isolated at night, congregated during the day.

Congregate System

Inmates worked and ate together silently.

Plantation Model

Prisoners exploited for labor in southern US.

Lease System

Inmates leased to contractors for labor.

Reformatory Movement

Emphasized rehabilitation and indeterminate sentences.

Zebulon Brockway

Advocated diagnosis and treatment for rehabilitation.

Mark System

Classification method for prisoners based on behavior.

Rehabilitation Model

Restores offenders through vocational or educational training.

Community Model

Aims for reintegration into society post-incarceration.

Crime Control Model

Focuses on incarceration and strict supervision.

Mandatory Sentences

Required minimum sentences for specific crimes.

Indeterminate Sentences

Variable prison terms based on behavior.

Inspection

Ensures compliance with prison rules and standards.

Reformatory Regime

Structured environment aimed at reforming offenders.

High Prisoner Death Rate

Result of harsh conditions in lease systems.

Contract Labor System

Labor sold on contract basis to private entities.

Community Reintegration

Programs aiding offenders in finding jobs post-release.

Pretrial Detainees

Individuals held before trial in jails.

Local Financial Drain

Jails strain local resources with high admissions.