Media and Information Literacy_Summative Review

PRINT MEDIA

Involves the usage of physical medium such as paper, cloth etc. Refers to paper publications (news papers, books, posters, banners, billboards, journals and other materials that are physically printed)

Plain text

-Simple and flexible in nature

-Has textual design to attract the readers

-Enables linear sequencing of information

Typography

the art and technique of arranging the visual component of the written word. It features textual designs with optical illusions that improve readability and help convey meaning. Fonts and alignment are parts of this.

Illustration

-(can also be seen/applied in new media)

-refers to pictures, photos, images, and graphics used to channel communication using the sense of sight.

Visual media

is a general term for any medium that mainly makes use of sight as a channel to receive the message.

Infographic

Visual representation of information in a simplified way.

Cartoon

A series of drawings that tell a story

Editorial Cartoon

An illustration that provides opinion or commentary on the current events or personalities. Visual medium that engages the audience

Photography

means "draw with light". The process of recording an image on light-sensitive films.

Graphic Design

It is the process of visual communication that organizes and presents information developed through a creative process for a particular purpose.

BROADCAST MEDIA

✔ Transmits information to a wider and/or farther audience as possible

✔ Immediate transmission of information through signals or airwaves

✔ Examples are tv, radio, and satellite.

NEW MEDIA

✔ Internet is the main gateway in accessing information

✔ Provides connection with people across the globe making it easy to transmit information

✔It is also interactive where 2-way communication is possible which means that you can directly give feedback in the form of comment, like, share and among others.

✔ Examples are the internet and social media

1953

What year did the International Business Machine (IBM) shipped its first electronic computers that became known as "701" in the industry?

1969

What year was the Advanced Research Project Network (APRANET) created by the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)?

ROBERT KAHN & VINTON CERF

they developed the first innovation in the emerging Internet architecture: Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol, now known as TCP/IP

TCP/IP

• A suite of protocols or rules that govern the transmission of data. It was in 1983, this was universally adopted.

TIM BERNERS-LEE

1989 - He started as a physicist at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN).

1990 - He wrote three fundamental technologies for the internet: HTML, URI/URL, HTTP.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

March 29, 1995

when did the free and open World Wide Web launch to the Philippines.

1991

When did tim berners lee introduced World Wide Web project to the world.

4 categories of online media

1. Interpersonal communication media

2. Interactive play media

3. Information search media

4. Collective participatory media

Interpersonal communication media

Refers to online media that are used to create and maintain personal relationships. ● e.g., Viber, Messenger, Messaging app, etc.

Interactive Play Media

● Refers to digital games. ● e.g., call of duty, mobile legends, candy crush, etc.

Information Search Media

● Refers to online media that are used to store and retrieve information. ● e.g., google, yahoo, internet explorer, etc.

Collective Participatory Media

● Refers to online media that centers on creating, sharing and exchanging information, ideas and content in online networks and communities.

MEDIA CONVERGENCE

● The process where several media channels come together to exist, operate and function in synergy.

● Combination of the three types of media.

MEDIA CONVERGENCE

An example for this are: ○ Smartphone (converged: tv, browser, radio, messaging, camera, etc. ) ○ Computer (converged: music player, camera, web browser, etc.)

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE

is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous peoples. This is for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by their specific communities.

INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION

Refers to transmission of information through local channels or by which the culture is preserved, handed down, and adapted.

INDIGENOUS MEDIA

• Define as forms of media expression that were conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous people around the globe as vehicles for communication.

-Refers to communicative tools and resources of indigenous peoples.

Forms of indigenous media

■ Folk or traditional media

■ Gatherings and Social Organizations

■ Direct observation

■ Records (Written, Carve, Oral)

■ Oral Instruction

Kapihan

Refers to a place or session where community members come together to share stories over a cup of coffee.

Baliktaktakan

• Refers to a discussion or debate where members are free to voice out their opinion about a certain topic.

Kwentong Barbero

• A Filipino idiom that is often associated to hearsay or news that is not substantiated, without proof.

Group chats

• A virtual platform where several users exchange information and communicate in real time.

MASS MEDIA

✔ Refers to a different array of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication.

✔ Also refer to channels of communication that involve transmitting information in some way, shape, or form to large numbers of people

Media Effects

are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass media does.

Third Party Theory

• People think they are more immune to media influence than others.

Reciprocal Effect

• When a person or event gets media attention, it influences the way the person acts or the way the event functions. Media coverage often increases self-consciousness, which affects our actions.

Boomerang Effect

• refers to a media-induced change that is counter to the desired change.

Cultivation Theory (George Gerbner)

• states that media exposure, specifically to television, shapes our social reality by giving us a distorted view on the amount of violence and risk in the world.

Agenda- Setting Theory (Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)

• process whereby the mass media determine what we think and worry about. The public reacts not to actual events but to the pictures in our head, created by media

Propaganda Model of Media Control (Herman and Chomsky)

• The model tries to understand how the population is manipulated, and how the social, economic, and political attitudes are fashioned in the minds of people through propaganda.

Propaganda

ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc.

Library

A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films are kept for use but not for sale.

Internet

Refers to a global system that leads computer networks under the same set of communication protocols.

Human source

Refers to any person who can be a source of information or data

MEDIA SOURCE

Refers to any resource that serves as a means of communicating to the general public

HOW TO EVALUATE MEDIA SOURCES

○ CURRENCY ○ RELEVANCE ○ AUTHOR/ ANCHOR ○ ACCURACY ○ PURPOSE

PRIMARY Sources

○ Immediate, original, uninterpreted, or first-hand accounts of a topic from people who had a direct connection with it.

○ Ex. Novels, short stories, poems, artifacts, diaries, letters, audio recordings, publications, original documents, manuscripts, interview, videos

SECONDARY Sources

○ Describe, summarize, or discuss information or details originally presented in the primary sources.

○ Ex. Bibliographies, textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, magazines, histories, websites, commentaries

TERTIARY Sources

○ Consist of information that is a distillation and collection of primary and secondary sources. ○ Ex. Bibliographies, directories, almanacs, guidebooks, chronologies, factbooks

Media Information Languages

It is the way in which the meaning of a media text is conveyed to the audience.

language

pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information, and knowledge.

MEDIA LANGUAGE

• These are the codes, conventions, formats, symbols, and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.

Genre

It is a French word that means "kind" or "class". The original Latin word is "genus" and means a class of things that can be broken down into subcategories.

It refers to a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like.

Examples are horror, romance, animation, thriller, comedy, etc

Media codes and convention

These are like the building blocks of all the media around us which generally have an agreed meaning, or connotation to their audience

Symbolic Codes

• include the language, dress, or actions of characters, or iconic symbols that are easily understood.

Setting

• refers to the time and place of the narrative. Your setting must always fit your message.

Mise-en-scene

• refers to the description of all the objects within a frame of the media product and how they have been arranged.

Acting

portray characters in media products and contribute to character development, creating tension or advancing the narrative.

Color

• Every color elicits a different and unique emotional response in the viewer, thus when you produce media, you must be clever with your color choices.

Technical Codes

refers to the ways in which equipment is used to tell the story

Camerawork

It refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved for specific effects.

Extreme close-up shot

• It frames the subject precisely to emphasize the specific portions of the body. (ex. eye)

○ Close-up shot

• It frames the subject at a close range to show a detail. (ex. face)

○ Medium shot

• A type of camera shot that shows an actor approximately from the way up. (shoulder level)

○ Long/wide shot

This camera shot shows the full length of the subject while also including a large amount of the surrounding area of the film setting. (ex. man standing in a field)

○ Eye level shot

• This is when your subject is at eye level. It can be resolved in a neutral perspective. Usually used in tv shows. (ex. character looking straight at the camera)

○ Low angle shot

• Frames the subject from below their eye line. It most often emphasizes power dynamics between characters. (ex. Camera is below the subject)

○ Over-the-shoulder shot

• Camera angle used wherein the camera used to place the back of the shoulder and head of the subject. (ex. There are 2 girls talking and the camera is behind the other girls shoulder while the other girl is facing the camera.

○ Ground level shot

• When your camera height is at ground level with your subject. (ex. footsteps)