Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

Flashcards covering physical properties, physical changes, chemical properties, and chemical changes, including their definitions, examples, and distinctions.

What are physical properties of matter?

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition or identity.

Name three examples of physical properties of matter.

Color, shape, size, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, solubility, conductivity, or texture (any three).

What is a physical change?

A change in which a substance retains its chemical composition and molecular structure, only altering its physical state, size, shape, or appearance.

Provide three examples of physical changes.

Melting (e.g., ice), freezing (e.g., water), evaporation (e.g., water), condensation (e.g., steam), cutting (e.g., paper), dissolving (e.g., sugar), bending (e.g., metal wire), or crushing (e.g., a can) (any three).

What are chemical properties?

Properties that describe the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change, observed during or after a chemical reaction, involving changes in the substance's composition.

List three examples of chemical properties.

Reactivity, flammability, oxidation states, toxicity, or corrosiveness (any three).

What characterizes a chemical change?

A transformation where one substance becomes a different substance with a new chemical composition, typically irreversible, and involves the breaking and forming of bonds.

What are common signs indicating a chemical change has occurred?

Color change, gas production (bubbles), heat or light emission, and precipitate formation.

Give three examples of chemical changes.

Burning wood, rusting iron, digesting food, rotting fruit, baking a cake, souring milk, or exploding fireworks (any three).

What is the primary difference between a physical change and a chemical change regarding a substance's composition?

In a physical change, the substance's chemical composition and molecular structure remain the same, while in a chemical change, its molecular composition changes entirely, forming new substances.

Is a physical change generally reversible or irreversible, and why?

A physical change is generally reversible because no new substances are formed, and the original substance can often be recovered.

Is a chemical change generally reversible or irreversible, and why?

A chemical change is generally irreversible because new substances are formed with a different chemical composition.

List two physical properties of a quarter.

Silver color, 1 inch in diameter, 0.05 inches thick, or round (any two).

List two chemical properties of a quarter.

Made of copper and nickel, doesn't rust, not magnetic, or copper conducts electricity (any two).

Give an example of a physical change a quarter can undergo.

Scratching it, bending it, or polishing it.

Give an example of a chemical change a quarter can undergo.

Melt it down with another metal, or tarnish due to certain gases.