Band Spring Semester Final

A TEMPO

At the original tempo.

ACCELERANDO

Gradually increasing the tempo.

ADAGIO

Slow, the tempo in between largo and andante.

ANDANTE

Very moderate or 'walking' speed.

ALLARGANDO

Growing slower.

ALLEGRO

Fast.

BRILLIANTE

Brilliantly.

CON BRIO

With vigor and spirit.

CON MOTO

With motion.

MENO MOSSO

Less motion.

PIU MOSSO

More motion.

RALLENTANDO

A gradual slowing of tempo, same as ritardando.

RITARDANDO

Gradually growing slower.

RUBATO

'Robbing,' an elastic, flexible tempo allowing slight accelerandos and ritardandos.

DYNAMICS

Volume in music.

FORTE

f - loud.

FORTISSIMO

ff - very loud.

MEZZO FORTE

mf - medium loud.

MEZZO PIANO

mp - medium soft.

PIANO

p - soft.

PIANISSIMO

pp - very soft.

DIMINUENDO

Gradually get softer, decrescendo.

CRESCENDO

Gradually increase in volume.

DECRESCENDO

Gradually decrease in volume.

ACCIDENTALS

Signs used to indicate chromatic alterations or to cancel them.

FLAT

Lowers a pitch by ½ step.

SHARP

Raises a pitch by ½ step.

DOUBLE SHARP

X – raises a note two half steps.

DOUBLE FLAT

bb - lowers a note two half steps.

NATURAL

Cancels out a sharp or a flat.

ENHARMONIC

Same pitch, different notation.

SOLO

One person playing alone or with an accompaniment.

SOLI

One or more sections of the band playing a soloistic type passage in music.

UNISON

Everyone playing the same notes and rhythms.

DIVISI

Divided parts within a section.

ALLA MARCIA

Like a march.

CANTABILE

In a singing style.

CON SPIRITO

With spirit.

DOLCE

Sweetly.

GRANDIOSO

With grandeur.

MAESTOSO

Majestically.

GLISSANDO

The execution of rapid scales by a sliding movement.

GRAZIOSO

Gracefully.

POCO A POCO

Little by little.

SIMILE

Continue in the same way as before.

SUBITO

Suddenly, as to suddenly get softer or louder.

ESPRESSIVO

Expressive, with expression.

MOLTO

Very.

SEMPRE

Always.

ARPEGGIO

The notes of a chord played one after another instead of simultaneously.

CHORD

Two or more notes sounded simultaneously.

CHROMATIC

The scale that includes all 12 notes in an octave.

ROOT

The fundamental or generating note of a chord.

TONIC NOTE

The key note of a scale.

SCALE DEGREES

The tones of the major or minor scale, each of which is numbered in order ascending from the tonic and given a name.

LEADING TONE

The seventh note of a major scale, designed to create tension before the resolution to the tonic.

OCTAVE

The distance between the bottom and top notes of a scale.

ACCENT

Emphasis on a pitch or a chord.

SLUR

A curved line over two or more notes indicating that only the first note is to be tongued.

TIE

A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, uniting them into a single sound equal to their combined durations.

MARCATO

Marked, stressed.

STACCATO

Detached, separated.

LEGATO

Very connected, no interruption between notes.

TENUTO

Sustained to full value, indicated by a horizontal dash over the note or chord.

FERMATA

A pause on a note or on a rest.

COMMON TIME

4/4 time.

ALLA BREVE

Cut time.

D.C. al FINE

Play from beginning to end, go back to the beginning and play to 'Fine'.

D.S. al CODA

Play from the beginning to 'D.S. al Coda,' then jump back to the sign, play to the 'To Coda' sign, then jump to the 'Coda' and play to the end.

FINE

The end.