Child Development: A Cultural Approach - Toddlerhood

These flashcards cover key vocabulary concepts from the lecture on toddlerhood development, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social aspects.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Lack of essential nutrients that can adversely affect a child's growth and development, often observed in developing countries.

Kwashiorkor

A severe protein deficiency leading to malnutrition in children.

Synaptic Density

The number of synaptic connections among neurons, which increases sharply during toddlerhood.

Synaptic Pruning

The process of eliminating unused synapses to increase the efficiency of neural connections in the brain.

Gross Motor Development

Physical skills that involve large muscle groups, allowing toddlers to walk, run, jump, and climb.

Fine Motor Development

Physical skills that involve smaller muscle groups, such as holding a pencil or using utensils.

Holophrase

A single word that expresses a complete idea, commonly used by toddlers in early language development.

Telegraphic Speech

Two-word phrases used by toddlers that convey meaning without unnecessary words, such as 'want cookie'.

Self-Awareness

A developmental milestone in toddlerhood where children begin to recognize themselves as separate individuals.

Gender Identity

The identification of children as male or female, which develops during toddlerhood.

Attachment Theory

A psychological model that describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans, particularly between children and caregivers.

Secure Attachment

A healthy attachment style, characterized by trust and emotional closeness between child and caregiver.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors.

Media Use

The consumption of media, such as television, by toddlers, which can have various effects on development.

Social Learning

The process of learning behaviors through observing and interacting with others, emphasized in Vygotsky's cultural theory.

Deferred Imitation

The ability to repeat actions or behaviors observed earlier, important for cognitive development in toddlers.

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

A theory highlighting the role of social interactions and cultural context in cognitive development.

Emotional Self-Regulation

The ability of toddlers to control and manage their emotional responses.

Sociomoral Emotions

Emotions that involve feelings about the self and relationships, such as empathy and guilt, which develop in toddlerhood.

Cultural Variations in Attachment

Differences in attachment styles and caregiving practices observed across various cultures.