The Islamic Caliphates: Umayyad and Abbasid

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the Islamic Caliphates, focusing on the Umayyad and Abbasid periods.

Middle East

A region that includes parts of southwestern Asia and Egypt, characterized by a hot and arid climate as well as fertile river valleys.

Islam

The religion founded during the post-classical era that most people in the Middle East practice.

Caliph

The successor of Muhammad and the chief Muslim ruler after Muhammad's death in 632 CE.

Caliphate

An empire ruled by a caliph, which during the post-classical era stretched from Spain to North Africa, the Middle East, and into Asia and Eastern Europe.

Jizyah

A tax paid by non-Muslims in the Islamic Caliphates, allowing them to practice their religion.

Umayyad Caliphate

One of the largest and longest-lasting caliphates, ruling from 661 to 750.

Abbasid Caliphate

A major caliphate that ruled from 750 to 1258, known for its cultural and scientific achievements.

Maintaining Power

The process of keeping one’s power within an empire.

Consolidating Power

The process of taking control from other people who also have power within an empire.

Arabic Language

The official language established by the Umayyad dynasty for government documents and administration.