Water Properties, Hardness, and Environmental Chemistry

These flashcards cover key concepts related to water properties, temporary and permanent hardness, environmental chemistry, and implications of various chemical processes.

What property of water is responsible for the rising of water in plants?

Capillary action.

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

4.2 kJg–1K–1.

How does water dissolve non-ionic compounds?

Through dipole-dipole forces.

What causes temporary hardness in water?

Ca(HCO3)2.

How can temporary hardness be removed?

By adding slaked lime.

What substance is used to remove permanent hardness in water?

Na2 zeolite.

Which salt causes permanent hardness in water?

CaSO4.

What causes the rapid growth of algae in water bodies?

Phosphate salts.

What is NOT a cause for depletion of O2 from water?

Rapid growth of aquatic plants.

Which disease causes liver inflammation?

Jaundice.

What disease can cause severe diarrhea and can be fatal?

Cholera.

Which gas is used to destroy harmful bacteria in water?

Chlorine.

Which ion does NOT cause hardness in water?

Na+.

What is a disease that causes bone and tooth damage?

Fluorosis.

Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?

Due to ion-dipole forces.

What are chemicals used to kill or control pests called?

Pesticides.

What is concentration in chemistry?

A mixing technique.

What process is used to concentrate ore?

Froth flotation.

What is matte a mixture of?

Cu2S and FeS.

What happens in the bessemerization process?

Roasted ore is heated.

Which process is used for the concentration of copper ore?

Froth flotation.

What salt precipitates when CO2 is passed through ammonical brine?

NaHCO3.

What is the formula of urea?

NH2CONH2.

At what temperature is crude oil heated in the fractionating furnace?

300°C.

Which fuel is used as jet fuel?

Kerosene oil.

Which of the following is not a fraction of crude oil?

Alcohol.

What do plants synthesize with nitrogen from urea?

Proteins.

Which organic compound is found in gasoline?

C8H18.

What percentage of the atmosphere's mass lies within 30 kilometers?

99%.

How many regions is the atmosphere divided into based on temperature variation?

Four.

What is located just above the Earth's surface?

Troposphere.

What group of gases maintains temperature in the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide and water vapours.

What is causing the Earth's atmosphere to get hotter?

Increasing concentration of CO2.

Which one of the following is NOT a Greenhouse Effect?

Increasing food chains.

What makes rain water weakly acidic?

CO2 gas.

What destroys buildings due to acid rain?

Calcium carbonate.

What metal clogs fish gills due to acid rain?

Aluminium metal.

What does ozone absorb that is beneficial for us?

Ultraviolet radiations.

Which gas is NOT an air pollutant?

Nitrogen.

What damages iron and steel structures?

Sulphur dioxide.

Which gases absorb infrared radiations emitted by the Earth?

CO2 and H2O.

What is the cause of global warming?

CO2 gas.

Which gas protects the Earth's surface from ultraviolet radiations?

O3.

Which effect is NOT caused by ozone depletion?

Increases crops production.

Which pollutant is NOT found in car exhaust fumes?

O3.

What is the process called that turns atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil?

Fixing.

What causes global warming?

Absorption of infrared radiations emitted by the Earth's surface.

Why is carbon monoxide harmful?

It reduces oxygen carrying ability of haemoglobin.