Pharm module 3 drugs/prototypes

psyllium mucilloid

• therapeutic class: laxatives

• pharm class: bulk-forming agents

• brand name: Metamucil

• adverse side effects: rare; less cramping than stimulations-type laxatives, nausea, vomiting

  • Insufficient water may cause obstructions in the esophagus or intestines (must be taken with plenty of water)

  • Fecal impaction

diphenoxylate/atropine

• therapeutic class: antidiarrheals

• pharm class: opioid

• brand name: Lomotil

• adverse side effects: dizziness and drowsiness

  • Opioid so administer Narcan during overdose; administer with dropper for children

  • Caution for pregnant patients

bismuth subsalicylate

• therapeutic class: antidiarrheal, antiulcer agents

• pharm class: absorbents

• brand name: Pepto Bismol

• adverse side effects: constipation, gray-black stool, impaction (infants; debilitated patients)

• Avoid using on those under 18 years of age since it has Aspirin in it (Reye’s Syndrome)

sulfasalazine

• therapeutic class: drug for inflammatory bowel disease (antirheumatics; gastrointestinal anti-inflammatories)

• pharm class: 5-aminosalicylic and sulfonamide

• brand name: Azulfidine

• adverse side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain, skin rashes (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

prochlorperazine

• therapeutic class: antiemetics; antipsychotics

• pharm class: phenothiazines

• brand name: Compazine

• adverse side effects: dose-related anticholinergic side effects (Dry mouth, sedation, constipation,Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia)

• Extrapyramidal symptoms are a serious concern with prolonged therapy

famotidine

• therapeutic class: antiulcer agents

• pharm class: histamine H2 antagonists

• brand name: Pepcid

• adverse side effects: arrhythmias, agranulocytes, aplastic anemia, constipation, nausea, diarrhea, loss of libido in men

ranitidine

• therapeutic class: antiulcer agents

• pharm class: histamine H2 antagonists

• brand name: Zantac

• adverse side effects: arrhythmias, agranulocytes, aplastic anemia, constipation, nausea, diarrhea

calcium carbonate

• therapeutic class: mineral and electrolyte replacement/supplements

• pharm class: antacid

• brand name: tums

• adverse side effects: arrhythmias, constipation, nausea, vomiting

aluminum hydroxide

• therapeutic class: anti-heartburn agent

• pharm class: antacids

• brand name: Amphojel

• adverse side effects: constipation, hypophosphatemia

pantoprazole

• therapeutic class: antiulcer agents

• pharm class: proton pump inhibitors (PPI)

• brand name: Protonix

• adverse side effects: C diff. diarrhea, anaphylaxis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, fatigue

omeprazole

• therapeutic class: antiulcer agents

• pharm class: proton pump inhibitor

• brand name: Prilosec

• adverse side effects: C. diff. diarrhea, anaphylaxis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, fatigue

clarithromycin

• therapeutic class: agents for atypical mycobacterium, anti-infectives, antiulcer agents

• pharm class: macrolides

• brand name: Biaxin

• adverse side effects: anaphylaxis, C. diff. diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, diarrhea

amoxicillin

• therapeutic class: anti-infective, antiulcer agents

• pharm class: aminopenicillins

• brand name: Amoxil

• adverse side effects: anaphylaxis, C. diff. diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, diarrhea, seizures, serum sickness

metronidazole

• therapeutic class: anti-infectives, antiprotozoals, antiulcer agents

• pharm class:

• brand name: Flagyl

• adverse side effects: Stevens-johnson syndrome, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, seizures, encephalopathy, headache, diarrhea, vomiting

metoclopramide

• therapeutic class: antiemetics

• pharm class:

• brand name: Reglan

• adverse side effects: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, drowsiness, restlessness, diarrhea, nausea

sucralfate

• therapeutic class: antiulcer agents

• pharm class: GI protectants

• brand name: Carafate

• adverse side effects: anaphylaxis, angioedema, constipation, diarrhea, nausea