Chapter 5: Stoichiometry

Avogadros Number

Avogadros Number

________- one mole numerically represents 6.02 x 10^23 units of a chemical substance.

Stopcock

________- valve that allows the chemist to add controlled amounts of solution from the buret to the beaker.

Molarity

________- number of moles of a solute that are dissolved in one liter of solution.

Conversion factor

________- ratio equating two values of different units.

Stoichiometry

________- quantitative relationships between the compounds in a chemical reaction.

indicator

A(n) ________ is added to the solution in the beaker.

Stoichiometric coefficients

________ are exact numbers.

basic chemical

It helps to minimize memorization while applying ________ concepts like balanced equations, atomic mass, etc.

Buret

________- long, graduated tube with a stopcock.

maximum mass of product

Refers to the ________ that can be produced since in actual lab work, many things could result in a smaller yield.

Titration

________- technique used for chemical analysis that utilizes the reactions of two solutions.

Percent composition

________- how much of each element or polyatomic ion is present in a compound on a percentage basis.

Excess

________ reactant- reactant that is NOT the limiting reactant and is left over even after the reaction has stopped.

polyatomic ion

Mass of an element or ________ that is present in 100 g of a chemical compound.

base unit

Metric prefix- number that multiplies the ________.

law of conservation of matter

All soichiometric conversions must obey the ________.

Convert the

________ moles of product to grams, using the molar mass.

Theoretical yield

________- maximum amount of product formed in a reaction based on the amounts of reactants used.

Standard temperature

________ is 0 degrees Celsius and standard pressure is 1 atmosphere of pressure.

chemical compound

For a(n) ________, the gram- molar mass is equal to the sum of the gram- atomic masses of all atoms in the chemical formula.

Gram atomic mass

________- equal to one mole of an element.

Indicator

________- compound that changes color when the reaction is complete.

Base units

________ can be modified by the use of a metric prefix.

Stoichiometry

quantitative relationships between the compounds in a chemical reaction

Dimensional analysis method

predominant method taught for solving stoichiometry problems

Conversion factor

ratio equating two values of different units

Metric prefix

number that multiplies the base unit

Mole

central unit of measurement in chemistry

Avogadros Number

one mole numerically represents 6.02 x 10^23 units of a chemical substance

Gram-atomic mass

equal to one mole of an element

Gram-molar mass

equal to one mole of that compound

Molarity

number of moles of a solute that are dissolved in one liter of solution

Limiting reactant

reactant that is totally consumed, stopping the reaction

Excess reactant

reactant that is NOT the limiting reactant and is left over even after the reaction has stopped

Theoretical yield

maximum amount of product formed in a reaction based on the amounts of reactants used

Titration

technique used for chemical analysis that utilizes the reactions of two solutions

Buret

long, graduated tube with a stopcock

Stopcock

valve that allows the chemist to add controlled amounts of solution from the buret to the beaker

Indicator

compound that changes color when the reaction is complete

Percent composition

how much of each element or polyatomic ion is present in a compound on a percentage basis