The Age of Religious Wars

How did religious conflict in Europe evolved over the second half of the sixteenth century?

- After the Peace of Augsburg, Calvinist was having a struggle for recognition
-Catholic and Protestant against one another
-differences in hierachial rule
-opposition in art and architecture
-Skeptism, relativism, and individualism

What caused the civil war between the Huguenots and the Catholics in France and what was the outcome?

- Three families that controlled parts of France and practiced different religions
- When the duke of Guise massacre many worshippers of Huguenots that marked the beginning of the French Wars
-Queen Catherine in the middle of two religious groups causing conflict
-Learn hard lessons of religion

How was Phillip II able to dominate international politics for much of the latter half of the sixteenth century?

- New world riches
- increased population
-efficient bureaucracy and military
-Supremacy in the mediterrean

What role did Catholic and Protestant extremism play in the struggle for supremacy between England and Spain?

- Catholic extremist were encourage by Jesuits to plot against Elizabeth I
- Wanted to replace her with Mary Tudor
- Protestant extremist known as Puritans formed their own groups ( Presbyterians and Congregationalist).

counter reformation

the sixteenth century reform movement in the Roman Catholic Church in reaction to Protestant Reformation

baroque

A style marked by heavy and dramatic ornamentation and curved rather than straight lines that flourished between 1550 and 1750. It was especially associated with the Catholic Reformation.

Politiques

Rulers of people in positions of power who put success and well-being of their states above all-else

In what way did the Peace of Augsburg precipitate religious strife and civil wars of the last half century?

-After the Peace of Augsburg, an important political principle that that a region's ruler determine it's religion, Lutheranism became the main religion in the Holy Royal Empire
- Peace of Augsburg did no extend recognition to other non-Lutheran Protestant ( Anabapitist, and especiallly Calvinist)
- So it waring against one another for religion

Edict Of Nantes

- Henri IV issued this document that no protestant should be prosecuted, should have public worship, have right to assembly, and admission to public offices and universities.

Huguenots

French Calivinist

Phillip II

Son of Charles V and was intensely Catholic and militarily supereme western Habsburg kingdom.

Why was the Thirty Year fought?

It was caused by religious and political differences in the Holy Royal Empire by various sides. (Catholics v.s. Protestant and Calvinist v.s Lutherans).

Thirty Year War took place in

Holy Royal Empire

Was politics or religion more important in determining the outcome of the war?

It was first religion but at the end politics became became more important in determining the outcome of the war.

Defenestration of Prague(may 1618)

- Start of 30 years war
- Bohemia throws Catholic officials out the window ( literally)

Why was the main terms of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648?

- Ended all hostilities within the Holy Roman Empire
- Ruler of land determines the official religion of that land
- Gave Calvinist their long-sought legal recognition
-Independence of the Swiss Confederacy and the United Province of Netherland
- France and Spain remained at war outside the empire until 1679
-France became Europe's dominant power
- Habsburg Spain nevered recover
- France and Sweden gained some land

Treaty of Westphalia

1648, ended all hostilities with the Holy Roman Empire, First general peace in Europe after a war unprecedented for its number of warring parties.