Science (Atmosphere)

Which one has more air pressure between sea level and higher?

Ans: Sea Lvl because air pressure is caused by the weight of the air above you

What are the Earth ammosphere layers?

Troposphere,

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere

What is Troposphere like?

Lowest region of the atmosphere

Sustains life

Where all weather occurs

Increased wind speeds with height

Fall in pressure with height

Temperature decrease with increasing altitude (6.4 degree per 1000 m)

Unstable layer due to presence of clouds,pollution,water vapor, and dust

What is Stratosphere like?

Temperatures increase with height

Ozone, a form of oxygen, is concentrated here

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and warms this layer

Wind increase with heigh but pressure falls

Some jet aircraft fly here

What is Mesosphere?

Rapid fall in temperature with heigh caused by lack of water vapor,clouds or dust

Temperatures very low ( as low as 130 degrees Celsius)and winds high

Space shuttle obits within this layer

What is Thermosphere?

Rapid increase in temperature with height due to steady influx of solar energy

Temperatures in excess of thousand degrees Celsius

What is Ionosphere

Electricfield region that contains large concentrations of ions and free electrons

Important for radio wave propagation

The ionosphere is located within the Thermosphere

What is Exosphere?

Merges into the regions of Earth’s magnetic field, radiation belt and outer space

What are atmospheric gases?

78% nitrogen 20% oxygen and trace amount of several other gases including hydrogen and carbon dioxide

What is greenhouse effect and what are greenhouse gases?

The process by which gases in the atmosphere trap solar energy is called the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane

Among these, CFC is the worst.

Weathering

The process off breaking down or dissolving materials and rocks on Earth's surface

Erosion

The transportation all the movement of the weathered material and deposition

Chemical Weathering

When materials that make up rocks and soil are changed by chemical means.

Eg, Carbon dioxide from the soil or air combines with water to produce carbonic acid this is a weak acid that can dissolve Rock.

Mechanical Weathering

Causes rock to crumble

Eg, When water weathers rocks is the freeze-thaw process.Water enters cracks in the Rock. When the temperature drop and the water freezes, it expand.This places pressure on the rock around it causing Rock to crack and split over time

Biological Weathering

Caused by humans,animals or other alive things.

Low pressure system

The warm equatorial air rises higher into the atmosphere and flows toward the poles.

High pressure system

Dense,cooler air flows toward the equator to replace the heated air.

Coriolis Effect

The Coriolis Effect is the apparent curving of winds and ocean currents due to the Earth’s rotation.

Right in the Northern Hemisphere

Left in the Southern Hemisphere

🌍 Causes global wind belts (like trade winds & westerlies) to curve.

5 factors that influence climate

• Latitude

• Ocean Currents

• Continentality (Dis from sea /ocean)

• Altitude (height above sea lvl)

• Relief(Mountains and the shape of the land)

The Oceans

• Over 70% of Earth's surface

• Salinity of 3.5%

• Slats = Chlorine, Sodium ions

• Other ions found= Sulfates, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium

• Dissolved Gases=Nitrogen, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

• Denser than pure and fresh water

Ocean Currents