Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

A collection of vocabulary flashcards related to the concepts of sediments and sedimentary rocks.

Why is sedimentary rocks important

widespread, history, reservoirs, economic deposits, soil formation

what does clastic mean

based on particle size

gravel

greater then 2mm, fairly coarse

conglomerate

larger particles, smooth and rounded

breccia

similar sized particles, but larger particles are sharper and angular

sandstone

less than 2mm, clear different colors

quartz

fairly glass, translucent, no cleavage

arkose

vary in grain size, pink peach feldspar

siltstone

gritty, might not see individual particles

shale

composed of clay, layered and soft

What does chemical mean

based on composition

calcite

affected by acid test, softer than harder plate

rock salt

= halte

chert

= smooth like table

Cryptocrystalline

= it is hidden

what is the process to sedimentary rocks

compaction and cementaion

bedding

layered or form of strata

graded bedding

usually in water

cross bedding

in wind or water, sand particles

river cross beds

smaller than cross bedding (about a foot)

ripple marks

surface feature, wind or waters form

mud cracks

surface feature, in mud or clay and in banks of river and lakes

how many surface features and penetrative features

penetrative (4)

Surface(2)

glacial: breccia

poorly sorted, angular

mountain stream: conglomerate

poorly sorted, round

wind dunes: quartz sanstone

well sorted, round

deep lake: dark shale

well sorted, clay to silt size

river channel: sandstone or conglomerate

moderate to poorly sorted, silt to sand sized

what are the sedimentary basin types

Rift basin and passive margin basin