Gunpowder Empires, The Enlightenment & Revolutions

capitalism

Belief the economy should operate on a SUPPLY & DEMAND system with little/no government intervention.

conservatism

Belief government should continue traditional roles of controlling the economy and social affairs of citizens.

nationalism

It is PRIDE & LOYALTY for your country/nation.

revolution

The OVERTHROW or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed.

republicanism

A political ideology that advocates for a system of government where the people hold the power.

secularism

Taking religion OUT of government institutions.

constitutionalism

Belief the government should operate based on an agreed upon and DOCUMENTED system.

popular sovereignty

The belief that ultimate power is vested in the people and exercised through their ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES.

absolutism

Belief the government should have TOTAL power to do what it deems necessary.

divine right of kings

God gave the king the right to rule.

inalienable rights

Those RIGHTS that cannot be taken away from you!

AGE OF EXPLORATION

Periodization of seeking out New Worlds.

Ottoman Empire

One of the empires that make up the GUNPOWDER EMPIRE.

Mughal Empire

One of the empires that make up the GUNPOWDER EMPIRE.

Safavid Empire

One of the empires that make up the GUNPOWDER EMPIRE.

Taj Mahal

It is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Mughal architecture.

JANISSARIES

The ELITE TROOPS of conscripted Christian boys which received salaries from the central treasury of the Ottoman Empire.

Encomienda System

A formal system of forced labor in Spanish colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and colonization.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

A doctrine comparable to the US DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, stating that 'NATURAL RIGHTS' are universal.

THREE G's Exploration

GOLD, GOD, GLORY.

absolute monarchy

A form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in their OWN RIGHT or power.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution and fought for equality; gifted in military strategy; turned the slave society into an independent black state.

LIBERTY (FREEDOM)

SLOGAN for the French Revolution used by the Jacobins.

EQUALITY (EQUAL)

SLOGAN for the French Revolution used by the Jacobins.

FRATERNITY (UNITY)

SLOGAN for the French Revolution used by the Jacobins.

MIDDLE PASSAGE

The description of the voyage from Africa to the Americas that the ENSLAVED Africans took inside a slave ship.

ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

The route that slave traders took to EXPORT slaves to America.

causes of the Haitian Revolution

1. RACISM discriminating against people based on their race or ethnic background; 2. Slave conditions.

French Revolution

A period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

Napoleon Bonaparte

DICTATOR of France, widely considered one of the greatest military generals in history.

Marquis de Lafayette

Worked with Thomas Jefferson to help write the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Men and of the Citizen.

Causes of the French Revolution

1. King Louis XVI & Marie Antonette over spending; 2. Government over spending; 3. The idea that ALL people have HUMAN RIGHTS.

Great Schism

Divided Christianity into Western Catholic & Eastern Orthodox churches.

Liberalism

The belief in the value of social and political CHANGE in order to achieve progress.

Propaganda

It shows the UNFAIR dispensation of WEALTH & TAXES.

Maximilien Robespierre

A radical democrat and key figure in the French Revolution of 1789.

Gunpowder Empires

Successful empires that did not force newly conquered people to convert to the ISLAMIC ways of life.

Assimilation

Relates to the rise of the Ottoman Empire by integrating conquered peoples into the empire.

Zamindars

Collected taxes and were landowners in the context of the Mughal Empire.

Coerced Labor

Labor that is comparable to SLAVERY, where the person is PURCHASED for labor and is property to the owner.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Latin American Social Structure

Peninsulares = born in SPAIN; Creoles = born in Latin America but with SP blood; Mestizos = SP & Native American bloodlines; Mulatoes = SP & African blood; Native American = Indigenous people; African = slaves that were sold to work the plantations.

Sunni

Believed to be the BEST leader for the job in the context of Islamic leadership.

Shi'ites

Followers who believe in the DESCENDANT of Muhammad as the rightful leader.

Natural Rights Philosophy

Includes the ideas that all men are born with 'natural rights' and that problems can be solved by using reason.

John Locke

His ideas on civil government became the foundation for the Declaration of Independence.

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote 'The Leviathan', arguing that civil peace and social unity are best achieved by the establishment of a commonwealth through social contract.

Baron Montesquieu

Wrote 'The Spirit of the Laws', focusing on political liberty and the best means of preserving it.

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Wrote about the Social Contract, determining whether there can be legitimate political authority to govern.

Socialism

A period in the history of western thought and culture characterized by dramatic revolutions in science, philosophy, society, and politics.