art section 4: people

A born slave at Monticello who worked as a nail maker, blacksmith, and tinsmith until his emancipation

Isaac Granger

Added a Corinthian colonnade along the east front of the Capitol building

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Added a grand staircase to the Capitol plan

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

American painter whom Greenbough met while traveling abroad

Robert Weir

American women sculptors in Rome who were led by Harriet Hosmer (three people)

Emma Stebbins, Louisa Lander, and Vinnie Ream

American writer whom Greenbough met while traveling abroad

James Finmore Cooper

Architect of Monticello

Thomas Jefferson

Architect of the Capitol who graduated from Harvard

Charles Bulfinch

Artist of Forever Free

Edmonia Lewis

Artist of The Conflict of Daniel Boone and the Indians

Ernico Causici

Artist of The Landing of the Pilgrims

Ernico Causici

Artist of The Preservation of Captain Smith by Pocahontas

Antonio Capellano

Artist of the relief of William Penn's Treaty With the Indians

Nicholas Gevelot

Artist of the sculpture The Arrow Maker

Edmonia Lewis

Artist of the Statue of Freedom

Thomas Crawford

Avoided displays of authority

Thomas Jefferson

Based his statue of Washington on Phidias's statue of Zeus

Horatio Greenbough

Blended Neoclassicalism with Realism by personalizing Washington's facial features and putting him in contemporary dress

Jean-Antoine Houdon

Born in Boston in 1763

Charles Bulfinch

Born in Boston in 1805

Horatio Greenbough

Born in Leeds, England in 1764

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Born on the Fourth of July in 1844

Edmonia Lewis

Boston abolitionists who supported Edmonia Lewis's efforts to become a sculptor (two people)

William Lloyd Garrison and Lydia Maria Child

British commanders who led the destruction of the Capitol (two people)

Vice Admiral Alexander Cockburn and Major General Robert Ross

Cast the Statue of Freedom

Carl Mills

Chiseled most of her marble sculptures herself, as she lacked funds to hire help

Edmonia Lewis

Clerisseau influenced his architecture

Thomas Jefferson

Commissioned by Congress to create a monumental sculpture of George Washington in 1832

Horatio Greenbough

Completed his sculpture of Washington prior to the president's inauguration

Jean-Antoine Houdon

Contributed the design of the domed center building of the Capitol

Charles Bulfinch

Copied a Roman temple from the 1st century BCE in Southern France for the Virginia State Capitol

Thomas Jefferson

Danish sculptor who mentored Greenbough in Rome

Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen

Decided that the Capitol would be placed on the edge of Jenkins' Hill

Pierre L'Enfant

Depicted Washington as an enthroned god

Horatio Greenbough

Designed National Statuary Hall of the Capitol

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Designed St. John's Church in Washington D.C.'s Lafayette Square

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Designed the Capitol grounds and the west terraces

Charles Bulfinch

Designed the Massachusetts Statehouse

Charles Bulfinch

Designed the neoclassical Bank of Pennsylvania

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Designed the Old Senate Chamber of the Capitol

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Designed the Old Supreme Court Chamber of the Capitol

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Designed the University of Virginia in Charlottesville

Thomas Jefferson

Designed the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond

Thomas Jefferson

Devised a pulley system to disassemble the Statue of Freedom sculpture so it could be cast

Phillip Reid

Died at the age of 47 from a fever

Horatio Greenbough

Edmonia Lewis achieved financial success through the sale of portrait medallions of these two abolitionists

John Brown and Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

Edmonia Lewis's brother

Samuel Lewis

Embraced the title and godlike status of emperor

Napoleon Bonaparte

Engineer who was dismissed before the plans for the building of the Capitol began

Pierre L'Enfant

Engineers who Latrobe studied architecture under (two people)

Samuel Pepys Cockerell and John Smeaton

Enrolled at Harvard University in 1821 after attending the Phillips Academy

Horatio Greenbough

Enrolled at Oberlin College in Ohio in 1859

Edmonia Lewis

Enrolled at the first college in the United States to admit African Americans, Native Americans, and women

Edmonia Lewis

Enrolled in a pre-college program at New York Central College in McGrawville, New York

Edmonia Lewis

Enslaver laborer who assisted Carl Mills in casting the Statue of Freedom

Phillip Reid

Established a studio in Florence, becoming the first American sculpture to do so

Horatio Greenbough

First architect of the Capitol to be born in the United States

Charles Bulfinch

First hired by Jefferson to oversee construction of the Capitol

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

French advocate for neoclassicalism who influenced Jefferson

Charles-Louis Clerisseau

French engineer hired to plan the city of Washington, D.C.

Pierre L'Enfant

French sculptor whose portrait of Washington inspired the head of Greenbough's Washington

Jean-Antoine Houdon

Grew up attending a Unitarian church in the village of Jamaica Plain

Horatio Greenbough

Helped restore the Capitol in the aftermath of the War of 1812

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Her brother left for California in 1852 following the California Gold Rush, but sent back money to support her education

Edmonia Lewis

Her Chippewa name was Wildfire

Edmonia Lewis

Her father was from the West Indies and worked as a gentleman's servant

Edmonia Lewis

Her mother was of Ojibwa (Chippewa) and African-American descent

Edmonia Lewis

His Chippewa name was Sunshine

Samuel Lewis

His plan included a low dome over a temple and with rectangular wings on the north and south ends

William Thornton

His sculpture of Washington was commissioned for the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond

Jean-Antoine Houdon

His sculpture was considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world

Phidias

His statue of Washington took advantage of the president's mythic status among the American people

Horatio Greenbough

His writings on architecture anticipated the tenets of functionalism

Horatio Greenbough

Hoped to turn America away from the Georgian architecture favored in Britain

Thomas Jefferson

Immigrated to the United States from England in 1796

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Inherited 5000 acres of land from his father

Thomas Jefferson

Italian Renaissance architect who inspired the Palladian style

Andrea Palladio

Italian sculptor who mentored Greenbough in Florence

Lorenzo Bartolini

Laid the cornerstone of the Capitol building

George Washington

Learned to carve marble with Alpheus Cary

Horatio Greenbough

Learned to model clay with Solomon Willard

Horatio Greenbough

Made a chalk statue of William Penn when he was twelve

Horatio Greenbough

Minister to the French court in Paris

Thomas Jefferson

Moved to Boston in early 1864

Edmonia Lewis

Painter Greenbough met at Harvard who encouraged his interest in classical sculpture

Washington Allston

Painter of the 1806 portrait Napoleon on his Imperial Throne

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Physician and amateur architect who lived in the British West Indies

William Thornton

Placed his home at Mount Vernon

George Washington

Poet who wrote "The Song of Hiawatha"

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Practiced art by copying plaster casts of Greek sculpture at the Boston Athenaeum

Horatio Greenbough

Praised the Thornton's design for the Capitol for its "grandeur, simplicity, and convenience"

George Washington

Presented an image of himself as a scientist, architect, and farmer

Thomas Jefferson

President of the Confederacy

Jefferson Davis

Proposed a competition for a design of the Capitol building

Thomas Jefferson

Published The Travels, Observations and Experiences of a Yankee Stonecutter

Horatio Greenbough

Recipient of the first federal art commission

Horatio Greenbough

Replaced Latrobe in 1818 to oversee Capitol construction

Charles Bulfinch

Replaced the liberty cap on the Statue of Freedom with a Native American headdress

Thomas Crawford

Represented George Washington as a humble farmer in his sculpture

Jean-Antoine Houdon

Scholar who noted that compressing the three stories of Monticello to look like one projected an image of Jefferson as a humble man of the Republic

Dell Upton