Life Sciences Lecture Notes

Flashcards for Life Sciences lecture review.

Sprain

The ligaments and connective tissues tear.

Fracture

The bone is cracked or completely broken.

Dislocation

The bone has moved out of position.

Vertebral column

Protects the spinal cord.

Exoskeleton Advantages

Good support, muscle attachment, reduces water loss, thin/flexible joints for movement, and protection.

Cellulose

Most abundant organic compound in plant cell walls, providing support.

Nucleotide

Building blocks of nucleic acids, containing phosphate, sugar.

Chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis.

Nucleus

Found inside cells, carries hereditary characteristics.

Transpiration

The process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation.

Tracheid

Forms part of Xylem tissue.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Root Pressure

The pressure that moves water through the roots and up the stem of a plant.

Chromatin

Thread-like structure in the nucleus containing genes, conspicuous during mitosis.

Goblet Cells

Specialized cells in ciliated columnar epithelial tissue which produce mucus.

Sensory Nerves

Nerve fibers that conduct nerve impulses to the cell body.

Cranium

Part of the human skull that encloses and protects the brain.

Ligament

A structure that attaches bone to bone.

Neuron

Structural unit of the nervous system.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The membrane system in a cell on which ribosomes frequently occur.

Potometer

Apparatus used to measure the rate of transpiration.

Motor Nerves

Nerve fibers that conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Tendons

Tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Stoma

A pore in the epidermis of the leaf between two guard cells; it opens and closes during gas exchange.

Enzyme

Organic compounds that catalyze reactions.

Lock and Key Model

Enzymes are specific to the reaction they catalyze.

Enzyme Sensitivity

Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and pH.

Animal Cell Shape

Irregular shape.

Plant Cell Shape

Regular Shape.

Plant Cell Wall

Cell wall present.

Animal Cell Wall

Cell wall absent.

Plant Vacuole

Large Vacuole.

Animal Vacuole

Small vacuole.

Plant Plastids

Many plastids.

Animal Plastids

No plastids.

Metaphase

Chromosomes arrange along the equator and attach to spindle fibers by centromeres.

Anaphase

The separation of chromosomes.

Cancer Causes

Radiation, Genetics, Infectious Agents.

Dicotyledonous Leaf

A type of leaf.

Cancer Treatment

Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Surgery, Traditional medicine.

Cuticle

Transparent and impermeable to water.

Xylem

Transports water and mineral salts.