World War II

Arcadia Conference

After Pearl Harbor, Churchill met with Roosevelt here to discuss military strategy. They emphasized the "Germany First" plan: defeat of the Germans before the Italians or Japanese.

Operation Gymnast

north Africa
torch: us into monoco
superchagre, UK into egypt

Operation Roundup

come from england and attack to france, want US want but not enough military strength

Operation Sledgehammer

attack somewhere to keep soviets involved
draw germans off Russia
problem is everyone will die

Casablanca Conference

A wartime conference held at Casablanca, Morocco that was attended by de Gaulle, Churchill, and FDR. The Allies demanded the unconditional surrender of the axis, agreed to aid the Soviets, agreed on the invasion Italy, and the joint leadership of the Free French by De Gaulle and Giraud.

mulberry

Portable harbors

Pluto

Pipeline under the ocean

Quebec Conference

A war time conference held at Quebec,Canada that was attended by FDR, Churchill, and King and discussed war strategies. It agreed to increase the bombing offensive against Germany and continue the buildup of American forces in Britain resolved to remove Italy, operations in the Balkans should be limited to supplying guerrillas, to exhaust Japanese resources, cut their communications lines and secure forward bases from which the Japanese mainland could be attacked.

Operation Overlord

the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy on June 6, 1944; also known as D-Day

Beaches attacked on D-Day

in order:
Utah: US
Omaha: US
Gold: UK
Juno:CA
Sword:UK

The Boccage

Farms surrounded by headges

Patton

American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare

Eisenhower

Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President

VE Day

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

Maginot Line

Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland.

Operation Market Garden

Operation developed by Gen Field Marshall Montgomery—largest airborne operation; Allied WWII operation in Netherlands and Germany that required the capture/control of several bridges along a predetermined route crossing the lower Rhine which would give a direct entrance for Allied forces into Germany. While a great idea, the last bridge was not captured resulting in the entire operation becoming a complete failure.

Battle of the Bulge

December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

Rhine

Europe's most important inland waterway

Background of anti semitism

not new, nor is it just german, Jewish people live everywhere also not welcome
They are an ethnic subculture, group of people within a larger culture

Jewish traditions

yiddish, hebrew
shtels
faith
yamakah
kosher diet

History of Anti-Semitism

driven out of middle east by romans
gods chosen people said that they were not ideal they werent the right worshippers
they also blame them for jesus death
Jews were bankers because of religous laws so they were rich
numericaly they had less
seen as seperate race of people

Adolf Hitlers anti semitisim

not first to used sapegoat, saw other people use it so went for it
speculation that he is Jewish is false and wrong

Why would Germans accept this

effective scapegoating
desperation and fear, angry
versailles
trained them too by making him seem good enough for them to sweep under the carpet

Chronology

1933: Open camps and destorys shops etc
1935: Nuremberg Laws passed seperate them further
1937:Aryanization of economy and new camps
1938:Kristalnackt expeled and barred lawyers and docotrs
1941: Mobile killig units final solution begins
1942: Mass gassing begins

WHy they did what they did in the order they did

to isolate the Jewish people that way when the time came no one missed them being gone, soicaliy, politcaly, and economicly isolate them

The camps

more death camps in poland because there were more jews in poland so it was about efficency also a way to hide it from german people, labor camps in germany which were huge and massive, himmler is in charge of final solutions, Krakow Poland had large Jewish populations

Final Solution

Final solution of the Jewish question-murder of every single Jew-had begun-mass arresting, and trafficking of Jews to the concentration camps-mass killings occurred as well in the gas chambers

Why did people allow this

you don't speak up because it wasnt you, but by the time it was you these wasn't anyone else left to speak

What did US do

very little, 100,000 admitted to country we brought einstein over, turned ships away, we also had anti semitsm

Results of genocide

6 million Jews killed
5-6 million others killed, mental ill homosexual

Defensive War in Pacific

arcadia confrence decided to priortize Nazy Germany
thought we would lose allies if we didnt go in europe,
Coral sea, Midway Guadacanal turn Japan to defensive
lucky we didn't lose our aircraft carriers

Battle of the Coral Sea (1942)

Off coast of Australia
ship on ship, plane of ship no land
clear intent of attacking australia
bizzare battle path is the get planes into air
draw attack without getting sunk
turns japan awau from australia

Midway Atoll

would give them control of Hawaii
then use it as attack on continetal US
First Us pacific victory
Break Japanese code
Allows US to hide our fleet behind the island
Japan has several carriers

Guadalcanal

Teaches US how Japan teaches the war
fortify islands to make war costly for US
brutal battle, evenly matched fights for navy
, marines have very little resistence
had to go to hand to hand combat, we take isaldn at cost

Island Hopping Strategy

WWII strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan
Phillippines, Okinawa, Iwojima

Why Philippines

big and in middle, Mcarthur promised to come back, cut japsn acess off to lower lands like indonesia

Why Iwo jima

small speck, closer to mainland japan, we have to get close enough to japan to bomb them and come back

Dolittle Raid

Raid over Tokyo hitting factories and military targets. Meant to slow down Japan's ability to make war while also being a message of revenge for Pearl Harbor.

Why Okinowa

bomb japan and refuel reload, efficency
don't know about the atom bomb
taking island is hard because of mountain
people are loyal to empreror willing to die

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships.
comes from stories of wind and storms saving Japanese people, shows there desperation

US response

ramp up fire power
napalm bombs on tokyo
most cities are made of wood so it burns easily

Manhattan Project

Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States.

Cost of Manhattan Project

3 years
37 installations
120,000 people
2 billion dollars
risky investment, massive
top secret

experiment

brought debate wether we should use it
temperature so high that sand turned into glass

should we

we gave them demostration in hiroshima and on a naval center

Little boy

The Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber named after its pilot's mother, dropped an atomic bomb known as ________ dropped on HIroshima

Fat Man

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

V-J Day

"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945

Effects of WW II

devastated cities, Italians were angry with Mussolini, Hitler trys to rescure him deosnt work

Nuremberg Trials

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity. 24 germans 28 japanese

How does Cold War Begin

It starts with the distrust existing between the United States and the Soviet Union. all political, social, and economic tensions never much military

Yalta Conference

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

Germany's Division

In 1945 occupied Germany was divided into U.S., British, French, and Soviet zones. In 1949 the U.S., British, and French zones were combined as West Germany, while the Soviet zone became a communist state as East Germany. Declared a sovereign country in 1955, it became a founding member of the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet bloc's equivalent of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Potsdam Conference

July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.

Differences of Us and USSR

communists democracy
capitliast, socialst

Creation of United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict.
From the 8th point of the Atlantic CHarter

Creation of Israel

first issue of the UN
zinoist movement to make them a state
seperated part of palestine lead to anger of both, israel wins consistently

estimated war dead

military, 20.8 million, 416,800 americans
civilians 27.3 million civilians
explained by Holocaust and bombing of cities, disease and afamine, explain the more civlian deaths over military

civil rights movement

women more in workforce change of role
african ameriacna have to deal with hippocracy black experiance

Demographic shift

large group moved up north to get war jobs, marriage and baby boom because people had the money and are happy

G.I. Bill, 1944, Servicemen's Readjustment Act

no recession
second most important piece of legislation, war bonus for winning
low intereat loans to veteran to buy houses or go to college
chanes ameraice goes from manufactoring to service type economy
out of cities into subhurbs
enough money for american dreams

economic impact

ended depression, GNP tripled, improved standard of living, job oppurtunites, increased debt, operate in black so much

Omar Bradley

American general who led the ground forces at D Day

Patton

American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare

Douglas MacArthur

American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.

Bataan Death March

Japanese forced about 60,000 of americans and philippines to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way

Nimitz

Commander of the U.S. Pacific fleet

Oppenheimer

he was the chief scientist of the Manhattan Project