Studied by 18 people
Arcadia Conference
After Pearl Harbor, Churchill met with Roosevelt here to discuss military strategy. They emphasized the "Germany First" plan: defeat of the Germans before the Italians or Japanese.
Operation Gymnast
north Africa torch: us into monoco superchagre, UK into egypt
Operation Roundup
come from england and attack to france, want US want but not enough military strength
Operation Sledgehammer
attack somewhere to keep soviets involved draw germans off Russia problem is everyone will die
Casablanca Conference
A wartime conference held at Casablanca, Morocco that was attended by de Gaulle, Churchill, and FDR. The Allies demanded the unconditional surrender of the axis, agreed to aid the Soviets, agreed on the invasion Italy, and the joint leadership of the Free French by De Gaulle and Giraud.
mulberry
Portable harbors
Pluto
Pipeline under the ocean
Quebec Conference
A war time conference held at Quebec,Canada that was attended by FDR, Churchill, and King and discussed war strategies. It agreed to increase the bombing offensive against Germany and continue the buildup of American forces in Britain resolved to remove Italy, operations in the Balkans should be limited to supplying guerrillas, to exhaust Japanese resources, cut their communications lines and secure forward bases from which the Japanese mainland could be attacked.
Operation Overlord
the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy on June 6, 1944; also known as D-Day
Beaches attacked on D-Day
in order: Utah: US Omaha: US Gold: UK Juno:CA Sword:UK
The Boccage
Farms surrounded by headges
Patton
American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare
Eisenhower
Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President
VE Day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
Maginot Line
Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland.
Operation Market Garden
Operation developed by Gen Field Marshall Montgomery—largest airborne operation; Allied WWII operation in Netherlands and Germany that required the capture/control of several bridges along a predetermined route crossing the lower Rhine which would give a direct entrance for Allied forces into Germany. While a great idea, the last bridge was not captured resulting in the entire operation becoming a complete failure.
Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
Rhine
Europe's most important inland waterway
Background of anti semitism
not new, nor is it just german, Jewish people live everywhere also not welcome They are an ethnic subculture, group of people within a larger culture
Jewish traditions
yiddish, hebrew shtels faith yamakah kosher diet
History of Anti-Semitism
driven out of middle east by romans gods chosen people said that they were not ideal they werent the right worshippers they also blame them for jesus death Jews were bankers because of religous laws so they were rich numericaly they had less seen as seperate race of people
Adolf Hitlers anti semitisim
not first to used sapegoat, saw other people use it so went for it speculation that he is Jewish is false and wrong
Why would Germans accept this
effective scapegoating desperation and fear, angry versailles trained them too by making him seem good enough for them to sweep under the carpet
Chronology
1933: Open camps and destorys shops etc 1935: Nuremberg Laws passed seperate them further 1937:Aryanization of economy and new camps 1938:Kristalnackt expeled and barred lawyers and docotrs 1941: Mobile killig units final solution begins 1942: Mass gassing begins
WHy they did what they did in the order they did
to isolate the Jewish people that way when the time came no one missed them being gone, soicaliy, politcaly, and economicly isolate them
The camps
more death camps in poland because there were more jews in poland so it was about efficency also a way to hide it from german people, labor camps in germany which were huge and massive, himmler is in charge of final solutions, Krakow Poland had large Jewish populations
Final Solution
Final solution of the Jewish question-murder of every single Jew-had begun-mass arresting, and trafficking of Jews to the concentration camps-mass killings occurred as well in the gas chambers
Why did people allow this
you don't speak up because it wasnt you, but by the time it was you these wasn't anyone else left to speak
What did US do
very little, 100,000 admitted to country we brought einstein over, turned ships away, we also had anti semitsm
Results of genocide
6 million Jews killed 5-6 million others killed, mental ill homosexual
Defensive War in Pacific
arcadia confrence decided to priortize Nazy Germany thought we would lose allies if we didnt go in europe, Coral sea, Midway Guadacanal turn Japan to defensive lucky we didn't lose our aircraft carriers
Battle of the Coral Sea (1942)
Off coast of Australia ship on ship, plane of ship no land clear intent of attacking australia bizzare battle path is the get planes into air draw attack without getting sunk turns japan awau from australia
Midway Atoll
would give them control of Hawaii then use it as attack on continetal US First Us pacific victory Break Japanese code Allows US to hide our fleet behind the island Japan has several carriers
Guadalcanal
Teaches US how Japan teaches the war fortify islands to make war costly for US brutal battle, evenly matched fights for navy , marines have very little resistence had to go to hand to hand combat, we take isaldn at cost
Island Hopping Strategy
WWII strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan Phillippines, Okinawa, Iwojima
Why Philippines
big and in middle, Mcarthur promised to come back, cut japsn acess off to lower lands like indonesia
Why Iwo jima
small speck, closer to mainland japan, we have to get close enough to japan to bomb them and come back
Dolittle Raid
Raid over Tokyo hitting factories and military targets. Meant to slow down Japan's ability to make war while also being a message of revenge for Pearl Harbor.
Why Okinowa
bomb japan and refuel reload, efficency don't know about the atom bomb taking island is hard because of mountain people are loyal to empreror willing to die
Kamikaze
Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships. comes from stories of wind and storms saving Japanese people, shows there desperation
US response
ramp up fire power napalm bombs on tokyo most cities are made of wood so it burns easily
Manhattan Project
Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States.
Cost of Manhattan Project
3 years 37 installations 120,000 people 2 billion dollars risky investment, massive top secret
experiment
brought debate wether we should use it temperature so high that sand turned into glass
should we
we gave them demostration in hiroshima and on a naval center
Little boy
The Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber named after its pilot's mother, dropped an atomic bomb known as ________ dropped on HIroshima
Fat Man
Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
V-J Day
"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
Effects of WW II
devastated cities, Italians were angry with Mussolini, Hitler trys to rescure him deosnt work
Nuremberg Trials
A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity. 24 germans 28 japanese
How does Cold War Begin
It starts with the distrust existing between the United States and the Soviet Union. all political, social, and economic tensions never much military
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
Germany's Division
In 1945 occupied Germany was divided into U.S., British, French, and Soviet zones. In 1949 the U.S., British, and French zones were combined as West Germany, while the Soviet zone became a communist state as East Germany. Declared a sovereign country in 1955, it became a founding member of the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet bloc's equivalent of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Potsdam Conference
July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.
Differences of Us and USSR
communists democracy capitliast, socialst
Creation of United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. From the 8th point of the Atlantic CHarter
Creation of Israel
first issue of the UN zinoist movement to make them a state seperated part of palestine lead to anger of both, israel wins consistently
estimated war dead
military, 20.8 million, 416,800 americans civilians 27.3 million civilians explained by Holocaust and bombing of cities, disease and afamine, explain the more civlian deaths over military
civil rights movement
women more in workforce change of role african ameriacna have to deal with hippocracy black experiance
Demographic shift
large group moved up north to get war jobs, marriage and baby boom because people had the money and are happy
G.I. Bill, 1944, Servicemen's Readjustment Act
no recession second most important piece of legislation, war bonus for winning low intereat loans to veteran to buy houses or go to college chanes ameraice goes from manufactoring to service type economy out of cities into subhurbs enough money for american dreams
economic impact
ended depression, GNP tripled, improved standard of living, job oppurtunites, increased debt, operate in black so much
Omar Bradley
American general who led the ground forces at D Day
Patton
American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare
Douglas MacArthur
American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.
Bataan Death March
Japanese forced about 60,000 of americans and philippines to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way
Nimitz
Commander of the U.S. Pacific fleet
Oppenheimer
he was the chief scientist of the Manhattan Project
