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Power
The ability to influence or control people and events.
Hard Power
Using military or economic force to influence others.
Soft Power
Influencing others through culture, values, or diplomacy.
Smart Power
Combining hard and soft power strategies.
Structural Power
Power built into systems and institutions that shape outcomes indirectly.
Resource Power
Influence based on control over valuable resources.
Relational Power
Power from the relationships between states or individuals.
Cyberpower
Power in cyberspace, involving control over information and digital systems.
Structural Violence
Harm caused by social structures that prevent people from meeting basic needs.
Sovereignty
A state's full control over its own affairs without external interference.
Popular Sovereignty
The idea that government power comes from the people.
Self-Determination
The right of a group to decide its own political future.
Internal Sovereignty
Control within a state's own borders.
External Sovereignty
Recognition of a state's independence by other countries.
Supranationality
Authority shared above the national level, as in the EU.
Transnationalism
Activity and influence that cross national borders.
Legitimacy
The accepted right to govern or exercise authority.
Input/Process Legitimacy
Legitimacy from fair and transparent decision-making processes.
Output/Performance Legitimacy
Legitimacy from effective policies and results.
Top-Down Legitimacy
Legitimacy granted from leaders or institutions.
Bottom-Up Legitimacy
Legitimacy coming from public or grassroots support.
Non-State Actors
Organizations or groups that are not tied to any government but influence international affairs.
Interdependence
Mutual reliance between states or entities, often economically.
Global Governance
Systems managing global issues and interactions through international institutions.
Globalization
Growing worldwide interconnectedness through trade, culture, and politics.
United Nations
An international organization promoting peace and cooperation.
Collective Security
States working together to address threats to peace and security.
Strategic Alliances (Economic)
Countries forming partnerships for mutual economic benefits.
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