APWH Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for AP World History exam review covering Units 5-9.

Laissez-Faire

An economic system advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.

Enlightenment

Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring the American colonies' independence from Britain.

Reign of Terror

Period of extreme violence during the French Revolution.

Mestizos

A person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry.

Mulattoes

A person of mixed European and African ancestry.

Self-Determination

The right of a nation to govern itself without external interference.

Divine Right

The belief that a monarch's power comes directly from God.

Urbanization

The process of population shift from rural to urban areas.

Economic Imperialism

A policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries economically.

Berlin Conference

Conference where European powers divided Africa amongst themselves.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.

Corvee Labor

Forced labor imposed by the state on peasants.

Treaty of Tientsin/Treaty of Nanking

Treaties that ended the Opium Wars, granting concessions to Western powers.

Indentured Servitude

Labor system in which people work to pay off a debt.

Opium Wars

Wars fought between China and Britain over the opium trade.

Great Famine

The mass starvation in Ireland caused by potato blight.

Remittances

Money sent home by migrants to their families.

Chinese Exclusion Act

US act that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Crimean War

Russian war against an alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Russo-Japanese War

War between Russia and Japan, resulting in a Japanese victory.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

Militarism

The principle of maintaining a large military establishment.

Treaty of Versailles

A treaty that declared Germany responsible for WWI and had to pay reparations

Zimmerman Telegram

Diplomatic proposal from Germany to Mexico to join an alliance against the US.

Fourteen Points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for lasting peace after World War I.

League of Nations

International organization created after World War I to promote peace.

Communism

An economic system in which the government controls the factors of production to eliminate economic inequality.

Socialism

An economic system in which the people control the means of production

Fascism

Political ideology that prioritizes the state over individual.

Trench Warfare

Warfare conducted from a network of trenches.

New Deal

A series of programs and projects undertaken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt with the goal of restoring prosperity to Americans during the Great Depression.

USSR

The United Soviet Socialists Republics that existed from 1922 to 1991.

Collectivization

The process of combining small farms into large, collective farms under government control.

Totalitarianism

Political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.

Luftwaffe

The aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht during World War II.

Royal Air Force

The British air force.

Domino Theory

The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighbouring countries.

Containment Theory

The policy of the United States to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

The principle of complete destruction if nuclear weapons are used by two opposing sides.

Satellite Countries

A country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

Warsaw Pact

The name given to the military alliance of Soviet Bloc countries in Eastern Europe.

Iron Curtain

Countries under the control of the Soviet Union during Cold War.

Cold War

Competition for international influence between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Proxy War

A war instigated by a major power that does not itself become involved.

Arms Race

Competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to develop superior weapons.

OPEC

Organization founded in 1960 to coordinate petroleum policies of major oil-producing countries.

Theocracy

A government ruled by or subject to religious authority.

Marshall Plan

A U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the Second World War.

Detente

The period of relaxed tension between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Pan-Africanism

A political movement that seeks to further the interests of people of African descent.

Perestroika

A program of economic and political reform in the Soviet Union initiated in 1985.

Glasnost

Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the 1980s.

Strategic Defense Initiative

An attempt by the Reagan administration to implement a system to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear weapons.

United Nations (UN)

An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security.

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

Any organization that is not part of a government.

Multinational corporations

Businesses that operate in many countries.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Global organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.

World Bank

An international organization that aims to reduce poverty

Microfinance

The lending of small amounts of money at low interest to new businesses in the developing world.

Economic Liberalization

Changes to make a country's economy more capitalist

Urbanization

The shift of people from rural areas to cities.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.

Anthropocene

The proposed geological epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems.

Globalization

Global spread of ideas, values, and products.

Deforestation

The clearing of forests.

Green Revolution

A revolution that aimed to increase agricultural production worldwide, particularly in developing nations.