intro to shabbat, plowing, planting, harvesting, gathering, threshing, winnowing, sorting, grinding, sifting, kneading, baking/cooking

accordin gto rashi,whats the connection between shabbat and working in the mishkan?

the malachot of the mishkan isnt allowed to be done on shabbat bc shabbat takes priority over building the mishkan

why do we keep halacha? (2)

1. hashem told us to

2. its our guidebook on how to live life

why do the laws of shabbat need to be so technical? (2)

1. bc the laws are very complex and need to be perfectly written

2. bc hashem knows whats best for us and that we need lots of detail

order of 11 melachot

1. plowing

2. planting

3. reaping

4. gathering

5. threshing

6. winnowing

7. sorting

8. grinding

9. sifting

10. kneading

11. baking/cooking

the name of the first group of melachot

the order of bread: סידורי דפת

these activities were proformed in the mishkan for:

talmud:

rashi:

talmud: 11 steps to make the lechem hapanim

rashi: 11 stepsto make the dyes for the curtains

2 types of melachot and there meaning

AV MELACHA- means mean catogory/parent. the main melacha done in the mishkan

TOLDOT: means child/off spring. anything which acheives the same purpose as the Av melacha

PLOWING. in the times if the mishkan:

def

talmud: soil was prepared for planting seeds to make lechem hapanim

rashi: soil was prepared planting seed for the herbs used to make dyes for the curtains

preperation of soil for planting

PLOWING. toldot: 

4

• digging/ scraping soil

• raking

• wetting soil

• weeding

PLANTING: in the times of the mishkan:

def

talmud: wheat was planted for lechem hapanim

rashi: herbs were planted to make dyes for the curtains

any act which begins of impoves the growth of any vegetaion

PLANTING. toldot:

4

• planting seeds- begins

• planting flowers- begins

• weeding- improves

• wattering- improves

PLANTING. exceptions:

2

• destructive

• pouring alcohol of grass

HARVESTING. in the times of the mishkan:

def

talmud: when wheat was fully grown, it was cut to use for lechem hapanim

rashi: when hebs were grown, they were cut to make dyes for the curtains

deatching any vegetaion from its orginal place of growth

HARVESTING. toldot:

4

• tearing out grass

• picking fruit from a tree

• weeding

• picking fruit/veg from ground

HARVESTING. from the rabbis: use of a tree

rabbis dont allow the use of a tree on shabbat bc it may lead breaking branches/leaves.

HARVESTING. ways trees can’t be used:

5

• leaning a ladder against a tree

• climbing a tree

• swinging on a tree

• hanging clothes on a tree

• removing a ball from a tree

gathering

in the times of the mishkan: talmud and rashi

definition:

Talmud: the wheat was gathered for the lechem hapanim

Rashi: plants were gatered to make dyes for the curtains

Definition: gathering together any scattered prodce in its place of growth

gathering

toldot

4

gathering to use:

• gathering fruit next to a tree

• stringing figs

gathering to discard:

• raking leaves

• seeping bark

exceptions

4

• gathering only applies to things growing from the ground

eg. can gather cutlery

• gathering only applies in its place of growth

gathering apple not near its tree

• re-gathering

• gathered object must be in its OG state

eg. playing w wooden toys

threshing

in the times of the mishkan, talmud and rashi

definition

Talmud: removing of kernels from stalks of wheat for lechem hapanim

Rashi: removing stalks of plants for dyes for the curtains

Definition: removing a substance from its natural in-edible substance

toldot

1+3,2

milking a cow

• a non-jew

• dont collect

• use machinery

squeezing a rag

exceptions 

2

u can only remove shells and peels if going to be eaten right away

the torah says you cant squeez grapes and olives and the rabbis say u cant squeeze any fruits but u san squeeze a liquid onto a solid

winnowing

in the times of the mishkan:talmud, rashi

definition

Talmud: we separate non-edible parts of the wheat to make lechem hapanim

Rashi: we separate the flowers and debris from the stem of plant for the dyes for the curtains

Definition: separating through wind. Separating desired matter from un-desired matter

winnowing

toldot

3

• blowing dirt/bug out of drink

• blowing shell off nuts

• talmud yerushalmi: spiting in air and shhoting water gun

winnowing

exceptions (allowed)

2

aerosol can

perfume but only on body

sorting

talmud

rashi

defention

Talmud: the wheat kerenls had to be separated from debris

Rashi: the herbs/plants were separated from debris by hand

Definition: only form of separating a mixture by removing unwanted parts

sorting

toldot

3

a)       Selecting unwanted cutlery

b)      sorting a pile of laundry

c)       removing unwanted fruit

what is a mixture?

2

a)       2 deiiferent functions

Eg. Fork and spoon

b)      2 different tastes

Eg. Peanuts and raisins

sorting

applies to (3)

doesnt apply to (3)

Sorting applies to:

o   Food and non-food items

o   Selecting bad from good

o   Has to be a mixture

Sorting doesn’t apply to:

o   Red apples in a bag

o   Scattered items on a table

o   Large items

Eg. Stuffed toys

sorting

exceptions 4

2.  Un-mix the mixture

3.    Remove some ‘good’ from the ‘bad’

4.  A way of eating

5. removal

 3 things you can do that are NOT sorting

a)      Two separate what you want from don't want

b)      separate with your hand

c)       two separate for immediate use

grinding

talmud

rashi

definition 

Talmud: Grinding kernels into flour to make lechem hapanim

Rashi: grinding herbs to make dies for the curtains

Definition: breaking down an item into smaller pieces to use in a new way

grinding

toldot

4

a)       Grinding coarse salt into fine powder

b)      crushing chalk into dust

c)       chopping wood into strips

d)      ripping grass into small pieces

grinding

exceptions (4)

a)       only applies to earth grown items

• eg. Fruit and vegetables

b)      there is no ‘grinding’ after something was ground already

• eg. You can crush cookies in very small pieces because the flower has already been ground

c)       immediate use

• eg. Can cut carrots for salad for immediate

d)      slight change

• eg. You can mash avocado/ soft potatoes into mush with a slight change

sifting

talmud

rashi

definition

Talmud: sifting out impurities from flour to make lechem hapanim

Rashi: sifting out impurities from powder to make dies for the curtains

Definition: separating mixture by means of a sifting device

sifting

toldot

4

a)       Straining or sifting food with a sifter or sieve

b)      straining noodles from water with the strainer

c)       removing pulp from juice with a sieve

d)      sifting sugar, salt, cereal, matza meal

sifting

conditions (3)

a)       applies to food and non food items

b)      not allowed even if done for immediate use

c)       Sprinkling is not a form of sitting with a sieve

Eg. Like sprinkling icing sugar on cake

kneading

talmud

rashi

definition (+a,b)

Talmud: kneading four and water to make a dough

Rashi: adding water to the powder to make it dyes for the curtains

Definition: mixing a solid (flour) and a liquid (water) to make a semi-solid (dough)

a.       Pour liquid into solid (water into flour)

b.       kneading dough

kneading

toldot

a)       mixing oats with milk

b)      baby cereal- powder with water

c)       plaster- plaster powder with water

d)      glue- glue powder with water

kneading

exceptions. needs to be dine w a…

4

needs to be done w a slight change and js before u eat

a)       allowed to mix a solid in their natural juices (oranges and orange juice)

b)      adding large amounts of liquid so it is not a solid or a semi solid (chocolate milk)

c)       some liquid was added before Shabbat so only adding to semi solid

d)      baby cereal- you can add water and mix but with a slight change and in a crisscross pattern

kneading

from the torah- Not allowed

from the rabbis- not allowed

from the torah- Not allowed

-          very fine particles that dissolve easily in water

eg. Powder, find salt, flour

from the rabbis- not allowed

-          particles that don't properly dissolve when mixed with a liquid

eg. Core salt, ash, course flower

Baking/ cooking

talmud, rashi

Talmud: The dough was baked in the oven

Rashi: the herbs food cooked to make dies for the curtains- stove

Baking/ cooking

How you can make hot food on Shabbat

a.       hot plate- electric

b.       fire with a blech

c.       slow cooker

Baking/ cooking

conditions 4

a.       food must be fully cooked to be put on

b.       you had the intention to return it

c.       the part was held the entire time

d.       the flame must be properly covered with a blech