CNA Review

Another name for a long-term care facility is

Skilled nursing facility

Rehabilitation

Care provided by specialists to restore or improve function after an illness or injury is called

Hospice Care

Care given to people who have approximately six months or less to live is called

conditions last a long time

Most conditions seen in long term care are chronic.  What does this mean?

Each resident is an individual with his own abilities and needs

What is the most important thing for a nursing assistant to know about the residents in her care?

To study how well the residents are cared for

What is the purpose of surveys in long-term care facilities?

Nutrition

How the body uses food to maintain health 

Policy

Course of action to be followed.

Parenteral Nutrition

Nutrients administered directly in the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. 

Nasogastric Tube

 A feeding tube that is inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach 

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Feeding tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall. 

NPO

Nothing by Mouth

Fluid Balance

Taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid

Puree

Chop, blend, thick baby paste

Hemiplegia

Paralysis on one side of the body

CVA (Stroke)

Block blood vessel in the brain or leaks, or ruptures

Receptive Aphasia

Difficulty understanding spoken or written words

Systemic

An infection in the bloodstream and spread through out the body. Ex: Fever, chills, aches, drop in blood pressure

HAI Healthcare Associated Infections

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medial care (also known Nosocomial)

Malnutrition

Poor nutrition due to improper eating

Transmission Based Precautions

Method infection prevention who caring with someone with a certain infectious disease

Type of Tranmission Diseases

Airborne, Droplet (Ex; influenza), Contact

Blood Borne Pathogens

Microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wound that cause infections

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Virus that attack the body’s immune system and disables it; eventually causes AIDS

Oxygen is flammable

Why do CNA need to take Oxygen seriosuly?

SDS

Details ingredients, dangers, safe handling, storage, disposal

Geriatrics

Study of health, wellness, disease later in life

Ageism

Prejudice toward/ stereotyping / discrimination against older people/elderly

Homeostasis

The condition in which all of the body’s systems are working together to maintain internal stability.

Anterior/Ventral

Front

Posterior

Back of the body

Superior

Toward the head

Inferior

Away from the body

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Side of the body

Proximal

Closer to the torso

Distal

Further away from the body

Epidermis

Superfical

Dermis

Part of the thickness

Integumentary System (Skin)

The largest organ and system

Muscular Skeletal System

Made of the bones and Muscles

Bones

Rigid connective tissue that make up a skeleton, protects organs, and allow body to move (Have 206 Bones) and provide movement

Joints

Two bones that join together

Atrophy

Wasting away/weakening of the muscles from lack of use

Contracture

Permanent and often painful shortening of the muscle

Hinge

Fingers, Elbow

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves; control and send messages and coordinate from the brain to the rest of the body, sense info,

Dysphasia

Difficult of speech

Aphasia

Loss of speech

Dysphagia

Difficulty chewing and swallowing

Circulatory System (Artries, Veins)

Blood carries food, oxygen, and is essential substances and removes waste, and carry Hormones

Respitory System (Lungs)

inhale (inspirations) and exhale (expirations) air out of the lungs

Gastrointestinal System (Digestion)

Process of preparing food physically and chemically

Endocrine System (Glands)

Organs that produce hormones

Lymphatic System (Immunity System)

Prevent diseases, remove waste and excess fluids, Ex: Antibodies and fights infections

PUP

Pressure Ulcer Prevention Programs

Foot Drop

Weakness of muscles in the foot

Stage 1 of Pressure Injuries

Skin is still intact (May be red, pale)

Stage 2

Outer layer is broken (pink, red, moist)

Stage 3

Skin loss, fat is visible, damage may extend further down farther into the tissue

Stage 4

Down to the bone, looks like a deep crater, loss extending through all layers of skin, tissue, muscle, and bone. Black tissue might be seen

Baseline Data

Information about general health and change in health

Normal Pulse

60-100 beats

Respiratory Rate

12-20

Oral (Mouth)

Most common color; green or blue, 97.6 F - 99.6 F

Normal Blood Pressure

120/80, types; systolic: top number of measurement of Bp, Diastolic: Heart relaxes or rests

Apnea

Absence of breathing

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing (Pnea = Breathing)

Kidney Stones

Stones that form when urine crystalizes in the kidneys which block the kidneys causing severe pain

Chronic Renal Failure

Kidneys cannot eliminate certain waste products

Constipation

Feces moves too slowly through the intestine

Fecal Impaction

Unrelieved constipation, stool gets stuck in rectum

Diarrhea

Results from bacterial and viral infections

Hemorrhoids

Enlarged vessel in rectum that causes Chronic Constipation

GERD

Liquid content of the stomach back up into the espohogus

Scabies

Tiny mites that spread quickly

Cognitive

Ability to think clearly

Range of Motion Exercises

Exercises that put a particular joint through its full arc of motion

Active Assisted Range of Motion AAROM

Exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are performed by a person with some help

Passive Range of Motion PROM

Exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are performed by a person alone, with out NAs help

Prone

Lying on your stomach

Sims’

lying on your left side and upper knee flexed and raised toward chest 

Fowler’s

Semi-sitting position

Malpractice

Failure by a health professional to meet accepted standards

Living Will

A written directive that relates to what a patient's wishes are if they become unable to make their life decisions

Durable Power of Attorney

The document that names another individual to make life and death decisions that they cannot make

False Imprisonment

Unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement

Delirium

Basic state of confusion

Objective observation

Reporting observations made by you

WT ac breakfast

Take weight before breakfast meal

Arteriosclerosis

Loss of elasticity in blood vessels

Congestive Heart Failure failure (CHF)

Failure of the heart to pump blood away from the heart causing accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs

Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels - body cools itself in this time

Afebrile

No fever

Febrile

Fever

Systole

Amount of force takes to pump blood out of heart into arterial circulation (top #).

Diastole

The pressure of arteries when heart relaxes