5.1 mobile radiography

transportable

mobile radiography uses _____ x-ray equipment to bring imaging services to the patient

patient rooms
emergency department
intensive care unit
surgery
recovery rooms
nursery
neonatal units

what are some places mobile radiographs can be taken?

military

mobile radiography was first used in the ______

sophisticated

mobile x-ray machines are not as __________ as stationary x-ray machines

power source (generators) & exposure controls

mobile x-ray machines vary from stationary x-ray machines in what ways?

0.04-320

what is the mAs range on a mobile x-ray machine?

40-130

what is the kVp range on a mobile x-ray machine?

15-25

the total power of a mobile x-ray machine varied between _______ kW

anatomic programs (APRs)

some mobile machines have preset ______________ similar to stationary units

seconds

mobile machines have direct digital capabilities, such as acquiring images within _______

wireless

mobile units have flat panel detectors that are connected by a cord, and communicates through _______ technology

the grid
anode heel effect
source to image receptor distance (SID)

what three important factors must be clearly understood to perform optimum mobile examinations?

exposure technique

__________ charts are essential to optimum examinations as well

level
cenetred to CR
used at recommeneded focal distance or radius

with a grid, optimum mobile performance requires it to be?

primary beam

use of a grid on an unstable surface may cause absorption of the ________= "off level" grid cutoff

1-1.5

midline of a grid moved more than _______ inches off transversely from the CR causes "off level" grid cutoff

lateral margins

exposures outside of the recommended focal range may produce cutoff on the ________

short, large

___ SID and ____ field sizes are common in mobile radiography

placement

proper ____ of anode-cathode axis with anatomy os essential

thickest

the cathode side should be positioned over the _____________ part of the body part

40

the SID should be maintained at __ inches for most exams

consistant

standardized distance ensures ______ images

mAs, exposure time

a longer SID required an increased ____, which results in longer _______

motion

with longer exposure times, you increase the risk of imaging _____

technique charts

what should be available for every machine?

technical factors

the technique charts should display standard _______ for all projections performed with the machine

caliper

what should be available for accurate patient measurement?

occupational radiation exposure

mobile radiography produces some of the highest __________ for radiographers

lead

on way to protect yourself and or others is by wearing a ____ apron

6ft

another way to protect yourself from the radiation is to stand as far away from the patient, tube and beam as possible, the recommended minimal safe distance is?

90 degree

another way to protect yourself from radiation with mobile radiography is to stand at a _______ angle to the primary beam

distance

what is the most effective means of radiation protection?

inform

when using a mobile unit, you must ______ all persons in the area that exposure is going to be made

avoid

alerting all persons before exposure allows them to leave and ____ exposure

lead apron

for those who cant leave the room for exposure, you should provide a ________ if available

children

shield patient when performing radiography on _______

reproductive

shield patient when performing radiography on persons of ______ age

request

shield patient when a patient __________

gonads

shield patient when _____ lie in or near useful beam

interfere

shield patient when shield will not ______ with anatomy of interest

12 inches

the minimum source-to-skin distane (SSD) is ______ (30 cm)
it should NOT be closer than that

have contagious infectious microorganism
need to be protected from exposure

what are the 2 types of patients in isolation?

reversed isolation

patients that have to be protected from exposure to infectious microorganisms (immunocompromised) are in what kind of isolation?

PPE

when going to take an image for a patient that is in any kind of isolation, you must wear all required ______ for the specific situation

before & after

you should wash your hands _____ & _____ gloving and degloving

IR

when taking an image of patients in isolation you should always protect ____ with protective cover

protocol

after procedure with isolation restrictions, discard PPE according to ______

clean

wear ____ gloves to clean equipment and use appropriate aseptic technique after isolation exam

leaving room

with isolation exams, wash hand after removing gloves and before __________

plan

when taking mobile radiographs, always ___ for trip out of department and gather all necessary devices needed for exam

battery charge

before leaving for mobile x-ray, check _________ on battery operated units

output & image quality

inadequate battery charge affects _____ and ______

communicate

when performing mobile x-rays, ______ with nursing staff for proper patient care, let them know you are there and ask for assistance if needed

identity & examination

before entering room with mobile machine, check patient _____ and _____ to be performed

pink box

on pg 8 in your book, what should you study?

introduce

when entering a room, ___ yourself to patient and others who may be in room, and explain procedure

move

observe medical equipment and ___ if necessary/ possible
-IVs
-Chest tubes
-Catheter bags

step out

ask family and visitors to _____ of room until exam is finished

out of path

move chairs, IV poles, wastebaskets, and other objects ______ of mobile unit

ask

if you are unsure about moving equipment, ___ nursing staff

room size

____ is going to influence the base position of mobile unit used

not

make sure that collimation is _____ open larger than IR size

alignment

check CR and IR ________ to prevent distortion

idenification

when performing mobile exams, additional _______ markers can be used

assessment of patient
patient mobility
fractures
interfering devices
positioning & asepsis

what are some patient considerations that need to be taken into account when doing mobile exams?

adaptation

when it comes to assessment of patient condition, allow necessary _____ of procedure to ensure quality patient care and imaging outcome

alertness, respiration, ability to cooperate, limitations to procedure

what are things that need to be assessed of a patient?

never

should you move a patient or part without assessment of ability to move or ability to tolerate movement?

permission

the radiographer should never move a limb that has been operated on or is broken unless the nurse, the physician or sometimes the patient has granted _________

variety

when it comes to fractures, there is a wide _____ of fractures and therefore a wide range of patient ability to assist with procedure

assistance

when it comes to fractures, the key is to be cautious and gentle and to obtain plenty of ______ for patient safety and comfort

orthopedic beds
fracture frames
tubes
wiring

what are some interfering devices that can produce artifacts when working with mobiles?

moved

experienced radiographers know which objects can be ______ and which require procedure modification to obtain the image, such as angling the CR or adjusting IR

in image

some procedures may have to be performed with the object _________

warn

you should always ____ patients of potential discomfort of IR
-cold
-hard

skin

IR can damage ___ of older patients

cover

protect IR from contamination by use of appropriate impermeable _______

2 inches

when it comes to doing an AP chest mobile, the top of the IR should be _____ above the relaxed shoulders

3 inches below jugular notch @ level of t7

where is the CR for a AP chest mobile?

inspiration

when should exposure be made for an AP chest mobile?

14x17

what is the collimation of an AP mobile chest?

heart
trachea
diaphragmatic domes
entire lung field
vascular markings

what structures should be seen on an AP chest mobile?

knees

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, the patient will be in a right or left lateral position, with their ____ flexed

2-3

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, place a firm support under body to elevated _____ inches

over

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, raise arms ____ head or out of anatomy of interest

2 inches

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, the vertical IR top should be _____ above relaxed shoulders

3 inches below jugular notch @ level of t7

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, where is the CR?

14x17

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, how should you collimate?

affected

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, FLUID LEVELS are best imaged with _______ side down

unaffected

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, AIR LEVELS are best images with _______ side down

5

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, patient should be in position for ___ minutes before exposure to allow fluid or air to settle

anatomy of thorax
entire lung field
air or fluid levels if present

when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, what structures should be shown?

supine

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, the patient should be in what position?

iliac crest

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, where is the IR centered?

2 inches above iliac crest

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, if upper abdomen is of interest, where is the IR centered?

@ iliac crest or 2 inches above

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, where is the CR?

expiration

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, when is exposure made?

14x17

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, how should you collimate?

hypersthenic

which types of patients may require 2 separate crosswise projections?

-inferior margins of liver
-speel
-kidneys
-psoas muscles
-evidence of tumor masses
-size and shape of upper liver if upper abdomen & diapragm included

when taking a mobile AP abdomen, whats structures are shown?