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transportable
mobile radiography uses _____ x-ray equipment to bring imaging services to the patient
patient rooms
emergency department
intensive care unit
surgery
recovery rooms
nursery
neonatal units
what are some places mobile radiographs can be taken?
military
mobile radiography was first used in the ______
sophisticated
mobile x-ray machines are not as __________ as stationary x-ray machines
power source (generators) & exposure controls
mobile x-ray machines vary from stationary x-ray machines in what ways?
0.04-320
what is the mAs range on a mobile x-ray machine?
40-130
what is the kVp range on a mobile x-ray machine?
15-25
the total power of a mobile x-ray machine varied between _______ kW
anatomic programs (APRs)
some mobile machines have preset ______________ similar to stationary units
seconds
mobile machines have direct digital capabilities, such as acquiring images within _______
wireless
mobile units have flat panel detectors that are connected by a cord, and communicates through _______ technology
the grid
anode heel effect
source to image receptor distance (SID)
what three important factors must be clearly understood to perform optimum mobile examinations?
exposure technique
__________ charts are essential to optimum examinations as well
level
cenetred to CR
used at recommeneded focal distance or radius
with a grid, optimum mobile performance requires it to be?
primary beam
use of a grid on an unstable surface may cause absorption of the ________= "off level" grid cutoff
1-1.5
midline of a grid moved more than _______ inches off transversely from the CR causes "off level" grid cutoff
lateral margins
exposures outside of the recommended focal range may produce cutoff on the ________
short, large
___ SID and ____ field sizes are common in mobile radiography
placement
proper ____ of anode-cathode axis with anatomy os essential
thickest
the cathode side should be positioned over the _____________ part of the body part
40
the SID should be maintained at __ inches for most exams
consistant
standardized distance ensures ______ images
mAs, exposure time
a longer SID required an increased ____, which results in longer _______
motion
with longer exposure times, you increase the risk of imaging _____
technique charts
what should be available for every machine?
technical factors
the technique charts should display standard _______ for all projections performed with the machine
caliper
what should be available for accurate patient measurement?
occupational radiation exposure
mobile radiography produces some of the highest __________ for radiographers
lead
on way to protect yourself and or others is by wearing a ____ apron
6ft
another way to protect yourself from the radiation is to stand as far away from the patient, tube and beam as possible, the recommended minimal safe distance is?
90 degree
another way to protect yourself from radiation with mobile radiography is to stand at a _______ angle to the primary beam
distance
what is the most effective means of radiation protection?
inform
when using a mobile unit, you must ______ all persons in the area that exposure is going to be made
avoid
alerting all persons before exposure allows them to leave and ____ exposure
lead apron
for those who cant leave the room for exposure, you should provide a ________ if available
children
shield patient when performing radiography on _______
reproductive
shield patient when performing radiography on persons of ______ age
request
shield patient when a patient __________
gonads
shield patient when _____ lie in or near useful beam
interfere
shield patient when shield will not ______ with anatomy of interest
12 inches
the minimum source-to-skin distane (SSD) is ______ (30 cm)
it should NOT be closer than that
have contagious infectious microorganism
need to be protected from exposure
what are the 2 types of patients in isolation?
reversed isolation
patients that have to be protected from exposure to infectious microorganisms (immunocompromised) are in what kind of isolation?
PPE
when going to take an image for a patient that is in any kind of isolation, you must wear all required ______ for the specific situation
before & after
you should wash your hands _____ & _____ gloving and degloving
IR
when taking an image of patients in isolation you should always protect ____ with protective cover
protocol
after procedure with isolation restrictions, discard PPE according to ______
clean
wear ____ gloves to clean equipment and use appropriate aseptic technique after isolation exam
leaving room
with isolation exams, wash hand after removing gloves and before __________
plan
when taking mobile radiographs, always ___ for trip out of department and gather all necessary devices needed for exam
battery charge
before leaving for mobile x-ray, check _________ on battery operated units
output & image quality
inadequate battery charge affects _____ and ______
communicate
when performing mobile x-rays, ______ with nursing staff for proper patient care, let them know you are there and ask for assistance if needed
identity & examination
before entering room with mobile machine, check patient _____ and _____ to be performed
pink box
on pg 8 in your book, what should you study?
introduce
when entering a room, ___ yourself to patient and others who may be in room, and explain procedure
move
observe medical equipment and ___ if necessary/ possible
-IVs
-Chest tubes
-Catheter bags
step out
ask family and visitors to _____ of room until exam is finished
out of path
move chairs, IV poles, wastebaskets, and other objects ______ of mobile unit
ask
if you are unsure about moving equipment, ___ nursing staff
room size
____ is going to influence the base position of mobile unit used
not
make sure that collimation is _____ open larger than IR size
alignment
check CR and IR ________ to prevent distortion
idenification
when performing mobile exams, additional _______ markers can be used
assessment of patient
patient mobility
fractures
interfering devices
positioning & asepsis
what are some patient considerations that need to be taken into account when doing mobile exams?
adaptation
when it comes to assessment of patient condition, allow necessary _____ of procedure to ensure quality patient care and imaging outcome
alertness, respiration, ability to cooperate, limitations to procedure
what are things that need to be assessed of a patient?
never
should you move a patient or part without assessment of ability to move or ability to tolerate movement?
permission
the radiographer should never move a limb that has been operated on or is broken unless the nurse, the physician or sometimes the patient has granted _________
variety
when it comes to fractures, there is a wide _____ of fractures and therefore a wide range of patient ability to assist with procedure
assistance
when it comes to fractures, the key is to be cautious and gentle and to obtain plenty of ______ for patient safety and comfort
orthopedic beds
fracture frames
tubes
wiring
what are some interfering devices that can produce artifacts when working with mobiles?
moved
experienced radiographers know which objects can be ______ and which require procedure modification to obtain the image, such as angling the CR or adjusting IR
in image
some procedures may have to be performed with the object _________
warn
you should always ____ patients of potential discomfort of IR
-cold
-hard
skin
IR can damage ___ of older patients
cover
protect IR from contamination by use of appropriate impermeable _______
2 inches
when it comes to doing an AP chest mobile, the top of the IR should be _____ above the relaxed shoulders
3 inches below jugular notch @ level of t7
where is the CR for a AP chest mobile?
inspiration
when should exposure be made for an AP chest mobile?
14x17
what is the collimation of an AP mobile chest?
heart
trachea
diaphragmatic domes
entire lung field
vascular markings
what structures should be seen on an AP chest mobile?
knees
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, the patient will be in a right or left lateral position, with their ____ flexed
2-3
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, place a firm support under body to elevated _____ inches
over
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, raise arms ____ head or out of anatomy of interest
2 inches
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, the vertical IR top should be _____ above relaxed shoulders
3 inches below jugular notch @ level of t7
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, where is the CR?
14x17
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, how should you collimate?
affected
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, FLUID LEVELS are best imaged with _______ side down
unaffected
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, AIR LEVELS are best images with _______ side down
5
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, patient should be in position for ___ minutes before exposure to allow fluid or air to settle
anatomy of thorax
entire lung field
air or fluid levels if present
when taking a AP/PA chest lateral decubitus position, what structures should be shown?
supine
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, the patient should be in what position?
iliac crest
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, where is the IR centered?
2 inches above iliac crest
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, if upper abdomen is of interest, where is the IR centered?
@ iliac crest or 2 inches above
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, where is the CR?
expiration
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, when is exposure made?
14x17
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, how should you collimate?
hypersthenic
which types of patients may require 2 separate crosswise projections?
-inferior margins of liver
-speel
-kidneys
-psoas muscles
-evidence of tumor masses
-size and shape of upper liver if upper abdomen & diapragm included
when taking a mobile AP abdomen, whats structures are shown?