Anatomy Test 1

Articular surfaces

Facet; tubercle; condyle

Sulcus

Smaller groove/fissure

Hyaline cartilage

White, very strong, weight bearing, covers the articular surfaces

Somatic

A motor message that you can feel; voluntary

Ligaments

Connect one bone to another

Tendons

Attach skeletal muscles to bones

Medullary cavity

Cavity within the bone

Foramen

Opening

Sinus

Chamber within bone

Cardiac muscle

Regulated by the heart's pacemaker; involuntary

Smooth muscle

Found in arteries, digestive and urinary tracts; involuntary

Skeletal muscle

Produces skeletal movement; voluntary

Insertion

The point of the muscle that moves during contraction

Prime mover/agonist

Muscle that performs the intended motion in a contraction

Antagonist

The muscle that performs the opposite motion in a contraction

Concentric muscle

Gets shorter as it moves the body part

Isometric muscle

Stays the same length when a body part is moved

Afferent neurons

Nerve cells that carry information from peripheral receptors to the CNS

Efferent neurons

Motor signals from CNS to the peripheral system

How many pairs of spinal nerves

31

Features of bones that describe 'bumps

Tuberosity; spine; crest

Cancellous bone

Spongy part of the bone; produces compact bone

Compact bone

More outer part of the bone; hard and dense

Joint capsule

Periosteum

Membrane lining around the bone

Hyaline cartilage

Synovial membrane

Compact bone (label)

Cortical bone

Dense outer layer of bone

Trabecular bone

struts and plates

Synarthrosis

No movement

Amphiarthrosis

Little movement

Diarthrosis

Free movement

Joint capsule

FIbrous sac that encloses a joint

Synovial membrane function

Produces a lubricant called synovial fluid

Eccentric muscle

Allows itself to get long to move the body part

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves outside the central nervous system

Automatic

A function that you can't feel/didn't notice; involuntary

Marrow bone

Very inner part of the bone, contains fat and red blood cells.

Pelvis function

Withstand weight bearing and locomotion; protect organs of reproduction, digestive and urination; link the trunk and lower limbs

What is the sacrum made up of?

5 sacral vertebrae

What is the bone inferior to the sacrum?

Coccyx

Iliac crest

Ilium

Iliac fossa

Anterior superior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine (butt dimples)

Obturator foramen

Ureter

Takes urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Ductus/vas deferens

Where is sperm produced

Testes

Pelvic floor function

Resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure

:evator Ani

Coccygeus

Path of semen

2 testicles, 2 epididymus, 2 ductus, into one prostate, into one urethra

Pubo rectalis

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

Inferior vena cava

carries blood to heart

renal artery

carries blood to the kidneys

Renal pelvis

Collects urine from the kidneys before transportation

Adrenal gland

produces hormones that regulate bodily functions

internal iliac artery

carries blood to the sacrum

Internal iliac vein

Carries blood from the sacrum

External iliac artery

Carries blood to the lower leg

External iliac vein

carries blood from the leg

Detrosor muscle

protects bladder, contracts to release urine, and relaxes to store urine

Hilum of the kidney

area where structures enter and exit the kidney (a depression)

structure of the hip joint

Synovial joint

Greater trochanter

iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

Why is the hip so stable?

Lots of bone-to-bone contact; very thick ligaments

inguinal ligament

superior border of the femoral triangle

Flexion and extension (plane)

sagittal

Adduction and abduction (plane)

Frontal plane

Internal and external rotation (plane)

Transverse

Hip extensors

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Hip abductors

Gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia latae, sartorius

Lateral/external rotation

Lateral rotation group: PGOGOQ

Hip flexors

Iliacus, psoas major

Hip adductors

Adductors magnus, longus, and brevis, pectineus, and gracilis

Knee flexors

Rectus femorus, vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medius, and sartorius

What is the pelvic floor and what muscles are in it?

it is made of two skeletal muscles 0.5 levator ani and coccygeus 0.5 Levator ani: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and ischiococcygeus

Where does it attached to the bones of the pelvis?

Anterior attachment to the inside of the pubis and ilium. Posterior attachment to the sacrum, coccyx and ischial spines.