CHRISTIANITY

What are the three major divisions of Christianity in the Early Modern era?

Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant

What caused the division of Christianity

Disagreements over authority, theology, and religious practices (ex: Great Schism and Protestant Reformation).

What is Roman Catholicism

Christian branch led by the Pope, emphasizing church hierarchy, sacraments, and tradition

What is Eastern Orthodox Christianity

branch of Christianity dominant in Eastern Europe and Russia, rejecting papal authority and led by patriarchs.

What is Protestantism

Christian movement begun during the Reformation that rejected papal authority and emphasized faith and scripture.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

16th-century religious movement that challenged Catholic practices and led to new Christian denomination

What characterized Roman Catholic Christianity in the Early Modern period?

Centralized authority under the pope, emphasis on sacraments, church hierarchy, and tradition alongside scripture

What characterized Eastern Orthodox Christianity?

Decentralized leadership under patriarchs, rejection of papal authority, and strong connections between church and state, especially in Eastern Europe and Russia.

What characterized Protestant Christianity?

Rejection of papal authority, emphasis on salvation through faith, and reliance on scripture rather than church tradition.

What does “subgroups within the sect” mean in Christianity?

Smaller denominations that developed within a major branch of Christianity.

What are examples of subgroups within Protestant Christianity?

Lutheran, Calvinist (Reformed), Anglican, and other denominations.

Why did Protestant subgroups form?

Different interpretations of scripture and disagreement over religious practices and church organization.

Did Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy also have internal divisions?

Yes, though less fragmented than Protestantism, they experienced internal reforms, regional practices, and disputes.

How does Worlds Together, Worlds Apart describe religious toleration in Christianity during this period

Religious toleration was limited, and differences often led to persecution, violence, and war.

What were the consequences of religious intolerance

Religious wars, forced conversions, migration, and political instability.

Why did some states begin to allow limited religious toleration?

To reduce conflict and maintain political stability after prolonged religious violence.

Was religious toleration universal in Christian societies?

No, tolerance varied by region and was often restricted or temporary

What is Christian symbolism according to Worlds Together, Worlds Apart?

The use of visual symbols to represent Christian beliefs and reinforce religious identity.

Why was Christian symbolism important in Christian societies?

It communicated religious ideas to largely illiterate populations and strengthened communal identity.

What are examples of Christian symbols discussed in the context of the book?

The cross, religious art, church architecture, saints, and sacred imagery.

How did Christian symbolism differ across sects?

Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches emphasized visual imagery, while many Protestants rejected or minimized religious images.

Why did some Protestant groups oppose religious imagery?

They believed it could lead to idolatry and distract from scripture.