Environmental bio Exam 2 study guide pt. 2

Questions for chapters 5-8

How do native species migrate to islands?

Native species are able to swim, fly, or float on debris to an island

How do introduced species migrate to islands?

introduced species are brought by humans to the islands

Why is the population growth curve useful?

allows scientist to monitor change over time and the variables that could cause change

Why does changing the environment cause change in the carrying capacity for a species?

changes in the environment like natural disasters can affect the number of animals that can rely on the environment

How are methods of population sampling used to measure changes in population size?

the methods of sampling look at an area and count the number of species in that area over time

How are the coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis the basis for all the food webs in coral reefs?

The zooxanthellae is what keeps the coral alive and allows for the coral to be homes to many animals by providing food and shelter

How does primary succession create an ecological community from bare surfaces on land or in the ocean?

primary succession allows for small animals to survive on new areas like lava surfaces because the fungi and algae work together to cover the barren surface

Why is secondary succession faster than primary succession?

Secondary succession is faster than primary succession because it builds off a preexisting community while primary succession is the start of a community

Why does the amount of biomass and useable energy decrease as it moves up the food chain from producers to top carnivores?

The amount of useable energy decreases along the food chain because each animals uses a large amount of the energy as heat from what they receive from the previous animal

How do decomposers recycle dead plants and animals into fertilizer for plants?

decomposers eat the dead plant or animals and releases it into the soil through their poop allowing the essential molecules to return to the plants

Why are food webs more complex and realistic than food chains?

food webs give a more in-depth explanation of what animals eats what animal while food chains are more simplistic by categorizing all the organisms into three levels

How do producers make carbohydrates through photosynthesis?

the plant takes the sunlight and joins it with carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates

Why is most of the biomass we consume burned for energy through respiration?

most of the biomass we consume is burned through respiration because it is the process in which the glucose is changed into substances for the rest of the body to use

How do some simple organisms turn nitrogen into fertilizer in the soil?

organisms capture the nitrogen in the air and release it into the soil which is used by the plants as fertilizer

What are the components of soil?

soil is made out of *clay minerals, organic matter, air, water, and living organisms.*

How does soil form from bare rock?

weathering and erosion break the rock down to form soil

Why is soil conservation important in the tropics?

the soil in the tropics is thin and 90% of the nutrients are in the vegetation

How does preserving vegetation and other methods of soil conservation protect the reef-building corals from death from sedimentation?

vegetation traps the loose soil making it less likely to enter the ocean and soil conservation ensures that no sediment can bleach the coral and protect it from danger

How do typhoons affect forest ecosystems?

typhoons make the trees deposit a thick layer of leaves which is. dangerous for the small plants and seeds on the ground because they do not get a sufficient amount of sunlight

What are the methods of forest conservation?

Some of the most popular methods of forest conservation are controlled deforestation, sustainable land management, forest fire prevention, reforestation, and improvement of farming practices.

What are the methods of forest restoration?

protective measures; measures to accelerate natural recovery; measures to assist natural regeneration; and tree-planting.

What are the types of ecological services that are provided by functioning forest ecosystems?

water, climate regulation, soil improvement, shelter, food

How does the lives of plants and animals in freshwater ecosystems with flowing water differ from non-moving water?

animals in flowing water are more likely to migrate to new areas while standing water allows for a more steady community to form

How can freshwater animals spend part of their lives in marine ecosystems?

freshwater animals are able to swim between the fresh and salt water because they often grow in fresh water and live in the ocean when grown

Why are wetlands’ ecological services undervalued?

wetlands are undervalued because most people view it to not be beneficial to the environment but it has a lot of services that help the environment like trapping nitrogen in the roots of mangrove trees

How do mangroves serve as nurseries to support reef fisheries?

mangrove roots are a great place for animals to hide and the provide food to the fish

How can wetland conservation protect coral reefs from sedimentation?

wetland conservation prevents the amount of coral bleached from sedimentation

How does mitigation partially compensate for the effects of development on natural ecosystems?

mitigation can compensate for the effects of development because it is a way to give back to the environment