Psychology Psychopathology - KO Full

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50 Terms

1

Abnormal

a person's behaviour and/or psychological state are sufficiently unusual

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2

statistical infrequency

occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic compared to the rest of the population e.g. more/less intelligent

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3

IQ and intellectual disability disorder

name the example associated with statistical infrequency

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4

deviation from social norms

concerns behaviours that are different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society

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5

culture

social norms are reliant on the [________] we live in

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6

antisocial personality disorder

name the example associated with deviation from social norms

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7

failure to function adequately

occurs when someone is unable to cope with the ordinary demands of day to day living

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8

rosenhan and seligman 1989

who proposed the signs of when someone fails to function adequately

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9

signs of failure to function adequately

when a person can no longer conform to standard interpersonal rules e.g. maintaining eye contact, when a person experiences severe personal distress, when a person's behaviour becomes irrational or dangerous to themselves

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10

intellectual disability disorder

if a person has a very low IQ and are failing to function adequately what could they be diagnosed with/

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11

deviation from ideal mental health

occurs when someone does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health

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12

jahoda 1958

who proposed the criteria for good mental health

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13

no symptoms or distress, rational and perceive ourselves accurately, self actualise, cope with stress, realistic view of the world, good self esteem and lack guilt, independent of others, successfully work, love and enjoy leisure

what was the criteria jahoda set for good mental health

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14

phobia

an irrational fear of an object or situation

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15

behaviour

ways in which people act

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16

emotion

ways in which people feel

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17

cognitive

ways in which people think, perceive and believe

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18

excessive fear and anxiety

all phobias are characterised by what 2 factors?

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19

specific phobia

phobia of an object e.g. animal or situation

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20

social anxiety / social phobia

phobia of a social situation e.g. public speaking or public toilets

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21

agoraphobia

phobia of being outside / in a public place

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22

panic, avoidance, endurance

3 behavioural characteristics of phobias

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23

anxiety, unreasonable emotional responses

2 emotional characteristics of phobias

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24

selective attention to the phobic stimulus, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions

3 cognitive characteristics of phobias

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25

depression

a mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels

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26

major depressive disorder

severe but often short term depression

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27

persistent depressive disorder

long term or recurring depression including sustained major depression

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28

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Childhood temper tantrums are an example of what

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29

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

disruption to mood prior to and or during menstruation

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30

activity levels, disruption to sleep and eating behaviour, aggression and self harm

name the 3 behavioural characteristics of depression

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31

lowered mood, anger, lowered self esteem

name the 3 emotional characteristics of depression

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32

poor concentration, dwelling on the negative, absolutist thinking

name the 3 cognitive characteristics of depression

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33

OCD obsessive compulsive disorder

a condition characterised by obsessive and/or compulsive behaviour

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34

trichotillomania

compulsive hair pulling

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35

hoarding disorder

compulsive gathering of possessions and the inability to part with anything regardless of its value

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36

excoriation disorder

compulsive skin picking

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37

compulsions avoidance

name the behavioural characteristics of OCD

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38

repetitive reduce anxiety

name the 2 elements to compulsions

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39

anxiety and distress, accompanying depression, guilt and disgust

name the emotional characteristics of OCD

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40

obsessive thoughts, cognitive strategies to deal with obsessions, insight into excessive anxiety

Name the cognitive characteristics of OCD

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41

Behavioural approach

A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning

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42

Classical conditioning

Learning by association

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43

Operant conditioning

A form of learning in which a behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences

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44

Mowrer 1960

Who developed the 2 process model?

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45

2 process model

Phobias are acquired by classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning

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46

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioural therapy designed to reduce an unwanted response. Involves drawing up a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations related to the phobic stimulus, teaching the patient to relax.

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47

Reciprocal inhibition

Impossibility to feel opposite emotions at the same time, one emotion prevents other e..g fear and relaxation

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48

Anxiety hierarchy, relaxation, exposure

3 processes involved in SD

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49

Flooding

A behavioural therapy in which a phobic patient is exposed to an extreme form of phobic stimulus in order to reduce anxiety

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50

Informed consent

What must patients provide if they wish to be treated using flooding?

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