History flashcards 15

Freedmen’s Bureau

Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning

Sharecropping

Type of farm tenancy that developed after the civil war in which landless workers-often former slaves-farmed in exchange for farm supplies

Crop lien

Credit extended by merchants to tenets based on their future crops; under this system, high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts.

Black Codes

Laws passed from 1865 to 1866 in southern states to restrict the rights of former salves; to nullify the codes, congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Along with the Fourteenth Amendment, legislation that guaranteed the rights of citizenship to former slaves

Fourteenth Amendment

Birth Right Citizenship

Reconstruction Act

1867 law that established temporary military governments in ten confederate states-except tennesee-and required that the states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and permit freedmen to vote.

Tenure of Office Act

167 law that required the president to obtain senate approval to remove any official whose appointment had also required Senate approval; President Andrew Johnson’s violation of the law. by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson’s impeachment

impeachment

Bringing charges against a public official; for example, the House of Representatives can impeach a president for “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors

Fifteenth Amendment

Cannot deny voting rights based on race

carpetbaggers

Derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the Republican government of the Reconstruction south

scalawags

Southern white Republicans-some former Unionists-who supported Reconstruction governments

Ku Klux Klan

terrorists de 1866 n shii revived in 1910s

Enforcement Acts

Three laws passed in 1870 and 1871 that tried to eliminate the Ku Klux Klan by outlawing it and other such terrorist societies; the laws allowed the president to deploy the army for that purpose

Civil Rights Act of 1875

guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in public transportation and public accommodations and service on juries.

Redeemers

Post-Civil War Democratic leaders who supposedly saved the South from Yankee domination and preserved the primarily rural economy

Bargain of 1877

Deal made by a Republican and Democratic special congressional commission to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876; Republican Rutherford B. Hayes who had lost the popular cote, was declared the winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from involvement in politics in the south, marketing the end of Reconstruction.