Ch. 8 AP Bio

Cellular respiration hailee oppmann - wtf is this

What is ATP?

A type of nucleic acid that serves as an energy currency in cells.

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

What are the two main processes that plants can perform?

Photosynthesis (making glucose) and cellular respiration (breaking glucose).

What is glycolysis?

The first step of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen, converting glucose into pyruvate.

What is produced during glycolysis?

2 pyruvate molecules and a net yield of 2 ATP molecules.

What happens during the intermediate step(pyruvate oxidation step) of cellular respiration?

Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria, oxidized, and converted to 2 acetyl CoA, releasing CO2 and producing 2 NADH.

What is the Krebs cycle?

An aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 while releasing CO2.

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

is a coenzyme that transfers electrons, which is useful for ATP production later.

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

To transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to generate a proton gradient.

What is chemiosmosis?

The process where protons travel through ATP synthase, generating ATP as they move down their electrochemical gradient.

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen.

How does ATP synthase produce ATP?

By adding a phosphate group to ADP as protons flow through it.

What is the significance of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?

It generates an electrical and chemical gradient necessary for ATP production.

What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

Approximately 2 ATP molecules.

What is produced in the Krebs cycle besides ATP?

6 NADH and 2 FADH2.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes?

Aerobic processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not.

What is the role of acetyl CoA in cellular respiration?

It enters the Krebs cycle for further energy extraction from glucose.

What happens to the protons (H+) in the electron transport chain?

They are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient.

What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle?

To produce energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron transport chain.

What is pyruvate?

a three-carbon molecule that is the final product of glycolysis, the initial step of breaking down glucose