canine management

0-10 days

age of neonatal period of canine development

11 days to 3 weeks

Age of infant period of canine development

3 to 12 weeks

Age of socialization period of canine development

8 to 12 weeks

Age of fear period of canine development

12 weeks to puberty (6 months)

Age of juvenile period of canine development

Puberty to social maturity

Age of adolescent period of canine development

Neonatal

Birth to 10 days, eyelids and external ear canals closed, strong suckle, raise head, slide along and vocalize, altricial (born in undeveloped state), dependent on mom for food, thermoregulation, and stimulation to urinate/defecate

Altricial

Born in an undeveloped state

Infant period

11 days to 3 weeks, puppies develop vision/hearing and move a lot. Provide a complex environment to allow for optimal development of the nervous system and desensitization to frightening stimuli.

10-16 days

Eyelids open (full sight by 4-8wks)

12-14 days

External ear canals open (full hearing by 3-6wks)

14-21 days

Walk and urinate/defecate spontaneously

14 days

First deworming

Most, not all, puppies born with worms

Why deworm puppies

Socialization period

3-12 weeks, expose puppies to all situations they are likely to encounter during life and begin vaccinations. Basic training: sit, stay, down, come, crate train, leash walk, and so on.

3-6 weeks

Baby teeth erupt

4-6 weeks

Testes descend, socialize with other dogs

6-8 weeks

Adult postures and movements

6-12 weeks

Socialization with people (learn biting inhibition)

6-8 weeks

First vet visit with vaccinations, wean (keep with litter until 8-10 weeks if possible), house training

Fear period

8-12 weeks, occurs during socialization period (3-12 weeks), a traumatic experience may make a puppy fearful, anxious or neurotic. Training should be thoughtful.

Juveline

4 months to puberty (6-14mos), rapid physical development, increased independence, continued training, fear periods (lasting three weeks)

Adolescent

Puberty to social maturity, degree of social maturity varies by breed

Neuter

Castration (removal of testes)

Spay

Ovariohysterectomy, OHE or OVH

Benefits of OHE

No unplanned pregnancies or estrus behavior, decreased risk of uterine diseases and mammary tumors

4

Intact females have _x greater risk of benign and malignant tumors in dogs than spayed females

Risks of OHE

Surgical, anesthetic, urinary incontinence 3%, weight gain, permanent

Joint disorders and cancers

Early neutering might increase risks of:

Non-seasonal monoestrus

Canine estrous cycle

9 days (0-28)

Length of proestrus in dogs

9 days (1-24)

Length of estrus in dogs

2 months

Length of diestrus in dogs

3-5 months

Length of anestrus in dogs

4 to 13 months, average of 7

Timing between cycles in dogs

Proestrus

Female attracts male but resists breeding, enlarged vulva, blood tinged uterine discharge

Estrogen peaks before heat, progesterone at basal levels

Hormones in proestrus dogs

Estrus

Seeks male, flags tail, stands for mating, pink-straw colored discharge

Estrogen drops, progesterone rises

Hormones in estrus

Diestrus

Won’t stand for mating, little to no discharge

Estrogen baseline, progesterone peaks, prolactin

Hormones in diestrus

65 plus or minus 1 day from LH peak, 63 plus or minus 8 days from breeding (55-71)

Gestation length for dogs

Preparation (6-24hr)

Stage 1 whelping

Delivery of puppies, variable time

Stage 2 whelping

Delivery of placentas

Stage 3 whelping

Stage 2 lasts >30min without puppy delivery, >2hr between puppies

Dystocia

Break amnion, bulb syringe suction nose and mouth, vigorously rub, monitor, oxygen

Baby resuscitation

50

What % of all deaths in puppies occur in first three days

10

What percent of immunoglobulins do puppies receive transplacentally

25

What percent of immunoglobulins do kittens receive transplacentally

DA2LPP or DHLPP, rabies

Puppy core vaccines