world history

What was the Renaissance?

A period in European history (roughly 14th to 17th century) marking a transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, characterized by a resurgence of interest in classical philosophy, art, literature, and science, originating in Italy.

Explain the Scientific Revolution.

A series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed views of society and nature. Key figures included Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton.

What were the main causes of the French Revolution?

Causes included social inequality (the Three Estates), economic hardship, enlightenment ideas promoting liberty and equality, and the absolute monarchy's inability to adapt.

Define Imperialism.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when European powers colonized vast areas of Africa and Asia.

What were the long-term causes of World War I (MAIM)?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles?

The treaty signed after WWI, held Germany responsible for the war, imposed heavy reparations, and territorial losses, contributing to future tensions and the rise of Nazism.

Explain the Cold War.

A geopolitical struggle after WWII between the United States and its allies (Western Bloc) and the Soviet Union and its satellite states (Eastern Bloc), characterized by an ideological conflict, an arms race, and proxy wars, without direct large-scale military conflict between the two superpowers.

What was the purpose of the United Nations (UN)?

An international organization founded in 1945 after World War II to promote international cooperation, maintain international peace and security, develop