NURS 340 Exam 1: Key Psychopharmacology Terms & Definitions

citalopram, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, paliperidone, ziprasidone, iloperidone

drugs that prolong the QT interval

fluoxetine, paroxetine, valproate, carbamazepine, methadone

drugs contraindicated in pregnancy

buspirone, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, stimulants, doxepin, dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine

drugs that interact with MAOIs

alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam

benzos for acute violent behavior

flurazepam, temazepam, triazolam, estazolam, quazepam

benzos for insomnia

lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, oxazepam

benzos for ETOH withdrawal:

fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram

SSRIs for premenstrual dysphoric disorder

fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine

SSRIs for childhood OCD

fluoxetine, escitalopram

SSRIs for bulimia

mirtazapine, bupropion, vortioxetine

antidepressants with little to no sexual side effects

SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, risperidone, methadone

drugs that cause sexual dysfunction

diazepam

benzo: use caution with OA (rapid onset of action + long half-life)

lorazepam

drug of choice for acute violent behavior

lorazepam

benzo: use caution with liver insufficiency

doxepin

contraindicated with severe urinary retention

doxepin

patient with depression and difficulty sleeping, give _____

buspirone

give to pregnant woman with anxiety

fluoxetine

most activating + strongest SSRI (more insomnia and nervousness)

fluoxetine, paroxetine

SSRIs that cause birth defects

paroxetine

most anticholinergic SSRI

paroxetine

most calming SSRI

paroxetine

causes heart defects in fetus

sertraline

SSRI with the most stomach irritation + GI effects

fluvoxamine

most sedating SSRI, the only one that is taken at bedtime

citalopram

SSRI that prolongs the QT

bupropion

seizure risk

bupropion

for smoking cessation

bupropion

decreases appetite, contraindicated in bulimia + anorexia nervosa

nefazodone

misc antidepressant with MANY drug interactions

trazodone

causes priapism

vortioxetine

improved cognitive function in geriatric patients

vortioxetine

antidepressant with NO sexual side effects

venlafaxine

withdrawal risk (flu-like symptoms)

duloxetine

best for pain

selegiline

transdermal patch, no strict dietary restrictions

lithium

renal function + salt levels affect drug levels

lithium

low therapeutic index

0.6-1.2 mEq/L

lithium therapeutic range

lithium

the ONLY mood stabilizer, the ONLY drug created FOR bipolar disorder alone

valproate

highest rate of birth defects of anticonvulsants

lamotrigine

causes rhinitis + pharyngitis

chlorpromazine, haloperidol

1st gen antipsychotics that prolong the QT

haloperidol

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

clozapine

treatment resistant schizo

clozapine

highest risk of metabolic syndrome

clozapine

smoking lowers drug levels

risperidone

highest risk of EPS among all 2nd gens (only 2nd gen that causes EPS)

risperidone

monitor for gynecomastia in adolescent boys

paliperidone

pill may be in stool

paliperidone, ziprasidone, iloperidone

2nd gen antipsychotics that prolong the QT

olanzepine

don't draw up in same syringe as lorazepam

ziprasidone

has less sedating effects than other drugs for acute violent behavior

asenapine

no food or water for 10 min after sublingual dose, not effective if swallowed

asenapine

causes oral hypoesthesia (only with sublingual form)

aripiprazole, brexpiprazole

increase in impulsive behaviors (gambling, shopping, sex)

aripiprazole, brexpiprazole

has little to no side effects, seen taken with other antipsychotics

dextroamphetamine

ADHD + binge eating

methylphenidate

increases levels of warfarin (bleeding), phenytoin + phenobarbital (sedation + resp depression)

clonidine

calms down CV system from ETOH + opioid withdrawal

clonidine

ADHD, ETOH + opioid withdrawal

naloxone

opioid overdose

methadone

contraindicated in pregnancy, baby will go through withdrawals

methadone

SAMHSA opioid treatment program, dispenses once per day, lasts at least 1 year

buprenorphine

can be prescribed by a regular MD

buprenorphine

must abstain from opioids for 24 hr before starting med, can induce withdrawal if opioids are in the system

naltrexone

opioid + alcohol withdrawal, autism

naltrexone

headache goes away after 1 month after IM injection

naltrexone

must be opioid free for 10 days before starting med

acamprosate

must be alcohol free for 5 days before starting med

flumazenil

IV med for benzo overdose

disulfiram

alcohol relapse prevention, aversion behavioral therapy + maintenance therapy

disulfiram

alcohol with the med causes acetaldehyde syndrome, including cough syrups + mouthwash

rivastigmine

exelon patch

rivastigmine

alzheimer's + parkinson's dementia

SSRI

first-line anxiety

TCAs

can be lethal in overdose, never give a 90 day supply, do not give to a suicidal patient

MAOIs

tyramine foods

lithium

causes hypothyroidism

lithium

weight gain, water issues (edema, polydipsia, polyuria)

lithium

monitor trough levels

lithium

consistent water + salt intake (1500-3000 mL/day; notify provider if diuretic use, excessive diarrhea, vomiting, sweating; use caution in hot weather)

lithium

have thyroid, parathyroid + renal function checked

1st gen antipsychotics

not lethal in overdose, swallowing risk possible (drooling, choking)

1st gen antipsychotics

failure of the nurse to address side effects increases noncompliance with meds

2nd + 3rd gen antipsychotics

metabolic syndrome (weight gain, increased blood glucose + triglycerides)

stimulants

take last dose no later than 4PM

stimulants

monitor weight + height regularly

stimulants

report heart palpitations or fast heartbeat

stimulants

avoid OTC cold + decongestants

lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, oxazepam, oxcarbazepine, clonidine, naltrexone

ETOH withdrawal

clonidine, methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone

opiate withdrawal

oxcarbazepine

benzo withdrawal

acamprosate, disulfiram

ETOH relapse prevention

norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine

depression neurotransmitters

GABA

anxiety neurotransmitters

dopamine

schizophrenia neurotransmitters

acetylcholine

alzheimers neurotransmitters

alprazolam

clonazepam

clorazepate

diazepam

lorazepam

chlordiazepoxide

oxazepam

flurazepam

temazepam

triazolam

estazolam

quazepam

benzodiazepines

zolpidem

zaleplon

eszopiclone

sedative-sleep hypnotics

ramelteon

doxepin

melatonin receptor agonists