Final bis 2c polyps and annelids

Class Hydrozoa (Phylum Cnidaria)

Sexxually reproduces between two jellies to make polyp
Polyps create a colony to make polyps woth diff jobs like reproduction, feedings
Polyp makes medusae

Class Scyphozoa

Another class of jellies (cnidarians)
Medusa reproduces sexually making polyps but this time no colonies form the young medusae get sliced off (strobiliation)

Class Anthozoa (Phylum Cnidaria)

Polyps only no medusae
But the polyps can clone and make gametes

Corals relationship with polyps

Polyps make colonies atop a calcium layer in corals
Sugar carbon exchange for nitrogen

Class Cubozoa (Phylum Cnidaria)

Box jellies
Independently evolved
Sting bad
Have eyes

Ctenophora (comb jellies)

Radial symmetry
Complete gut 1 way
Predator
Swim using cilia which is a rare trait
Not related to cnidarians but they thought they were
Diploblastic

Ectoderm makes

skin and nervous system
Outer

Mesoderm make

Organs and muscle
Notochord

Endoderm make

Inside
Organs pancrease

Flat worms

Flatworms have a Blind gut, 2 way
But annelids 1 way
Triploblastic
Blastocoel filled with mesoderm, only body cavity is the gut

What are the different types of flatworms and which are parasitic

Free living ( not parasitic)
Flukes (parasitic)
Tape worms (p)

Flukes

Reproduce sexually in a vertebrae
Vertebrae poops eggs into water
Larvae inserts inside snail and makes copies of itself (asexually)
Larvae swim into grass and is consumed by vertebrae again

schistomosiasis

Similar to flute vertebrae life cycle but these penetrate the skin of humans and insert inside their liver

Proteomes have what kind of cleavage, describe the traits of the cleavage

They have spiral mosaic cleavage
Not able to make twins
Controlled by mRNA
Packed together more tightly

Deutorostomes have what kind of cleavage explain it

Radial regulative cleavage
Can have twins
Cells decide what they want to become
The cells chemically talk with one another

What creates the cavity of the mesoderm

Apoptosis, programmed cell death
Leading to two cavities the gut cavity and mesoderm cavity

There are two type of protostomes what are they

Lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans
Lopho consist of annelids, flatworms, and mollusks
Ecdysozoans Arthropods (crabs, spiders, shrimp) and nematodes ( have exoskeleton)

trocophore larva

Trait that is susbsequently lost by many groups in the lophotrochozoans
Complete gut

Annelids characteristics and the two major body types

Paired setae
Cephalized
Segmented

Polychaetes- have little rings or spikes coming out
Clitellates- leeches blood sucking, Oligochaetes - earth worms

Polychaetes

Bilateral
Segmented metameric body
Chitnous setae - Bristles
Has repeated units which contains different functions like reproduction, respiration these units can't live alone
Cephalized

How does a segmented body develop

-zygote -- blastula --gastrula -- trochophore larva in aquatic life cycle
Each segment contains its own fluid filled coelom

Benefit of each segmentation having its own fluid filled cavity

Change in shape for Efficient crawling and burrowing
Each segment changes shape independently

Explain how worms move

When circular muscle contracts it wraps around the segment causing segment to become long and skinny

When Longitudual muscle contracts the segment becomes short and fat

What allows worms to anchor down

Citi

What is one type of worm that is now recognized as an annelid

Pogonophoran
Gutless worms
Use symbiotic bacteria to fix carbon chemoautotrophs

Osedax

worm that feeds on whale carcasses
No stomach no mouth
Bacteria helps them digest

Clitellum

Band of thickened, specialized segments in annelids that secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released

Found in earthworms
In leeches only seen during reproduction season

Leeches

No setae
Anterior posterior suckers
3 jaws that produce y shaped cut

Flat worms are accelomates meaning their measoderm is filled completely however...

Flatworm have a blind gut