CCAP vocab

emotion

emotion

• hypothetical construct denoting a process of an organism’s reaction to significant events.

components of emotion

• physiological arousal, motor expression, action tendencies & subjective feeling

feeling

• earlier used synonymously with emotion. Modern use is restricted to the component of subjective experience of emotional arousal, often conscious and verbalizable by using emotion words or expressions

affect

• often used synonymously with emotion. Some social psychologists restrict the use to the valence aspect, pleasant vs. unpleasant or positive vs. negative, of feelings

expression

• muscular actions generally linked to internal states & provide indices of such states, thereby serving communicative purposes. Often manipulated to produce appropriate signals in social interaction

appraisal

• evaluation of the significance of something to a person, including evaluation of one’s coping activities. Can occur at diff levels of CNS and need not be conscious

mood

• feeling that comes from a diffuse origin (rather than specific eliciting event), long duration & lower overall intensity 

activation

• a heightened state of the central & autonomous NS

elicitation

• provoking emotional responses

differentiation

• determining which of many possible emotions is the one that’s elicited by a particular type of situation

proprioceptive feedback

• changes in one internal system upon detection of changes in another system

discrete emotions

• the theoretical notion that there is a limited number of highly differentiated basic or fundamental emotions that are common to diff species and cultures 

display rules

• sociocultural norms that govern the type of emotional expressions that are acceptable in specific situations; different forms of suppressing, de-intenisfying, masking or replacing spontaneous expression

social constructivism

• notion that social & cultural factors create reality for the individual, independent of biological processes providing  language for the definition of self and experience in the world 

facial feedback hypothesis

• the notion that amplification or inhibition of facial expression of emotion will modify the intensity and possibly the nature of subjective feeling

antecedent focused emotion regulation

• automatic or intentional modification of a person’s emotional state, that promotes adaptive or goal-directed behavior; the process by which we influence what emotions we experience, when we experience them, and how we express them

aggression

• any form of behavior that has the goal of harming or injuring someone else

reactive aggression

• defensive response to perceived or real external provocation or threat, without thought to personal gain; accompanied by negative affective states, such as frustration and anger

proactive aggression

• goal-oriented instrumental aggression, motivated by the desire to obtain a desired outcome; occurs in the absence of provocation and emotional arousal

shame

• negative emotion typically arising following moral transgressions; focused on fear of being negatively evaluated by others (that’s what the definition said, but I think it’s more of a focus on negative global evaluation of the self)

guilt

• negative emotion typically arising following moral transgressions; focuses on responsibility for the harm caused to another (that’s what the definition said, but I thnk it’s a focus on negative evaluation of one’s specific behavior)

happy victimizer phenomenon

• around the age of 4; young children's tendency to attribute positive emotions to transgressors in spite of recognizing that violation of moral rules is wrong 

moral emotions

• emotions that are linked to interests or welfare of either society as a whole or at lease of persons other than the judge or agent

emotion disposition

• propensity to experience that emotion across a range of situations

embarrassment

• an aversive state of mortification, abashment, and chagrin that follows public social predicaments

elevation

• the positive emotion elicited when observing others behaving in a particularly virtuous, commendable, or superhuman way

empathy

an emotional process with substantial implications for moral behavior; comprised of affective and cognitive components; “a shared emotional response between an observer and a stimulus person”

empathic concern / affective empathy / sympathy

• other-oriented emotional response involving feeling worried for or caring about a hurting or needy other

self-distress

self-focused, anxious feelings reflecting concern for one’s own wellbeing

cognitive empathy

• ability to comprehend others’ feelings & experiences

prosocial behavior

acting to benefit others

double empathy problem

• autistic & non-autistic people have difficulty interpreting each other’s emotions

reality testing

• sorting out which emotions are “appropriate” (shared), and which are purely idiosyncratic

participation

• performing activity alone or in a social entity + being engaged in and/or performing meaningful activities in occupational and social roles

incidental learning

• unintentional or unplanned learning that results from other activities (interaction, observation, communication, overhearing); situations where children without communication difficulties often learn about emotions 

externalizing behavior

• outward-focused behavior, behaviors that bother others

moral pride

• pride for meeting / exceeding moral standards

righteous anger

• anger in response to violation of moral standards; the moral function of this is thtat it prompts bystanders to intervene

contempt

• an other-focused moral emotion linked to violations of the ethic of community

disgust

• an other-focused moral emotion linked to violations of the ethic of divinity (actions that remind us of our animal nature)

emotion awareness + regulate arousal level

• the 2 steps of antecedent-focused emotion regulation